Abstract

How do emerging economies compete for international skilled workers? To explore policies used by non-Western countries to attract or retain high-skilled workers in the context of the ‘race for talent’, this article analyses and compares governmental measures employed in three emerging economies: Brazil, India, and Malaysia. Based on insights from 17 expert interviews, we describe the practices and strategies of these three countries to reverse ‘brain drain’—that is, the loss of human capital through migration. The article argues that the design and development of migration and skill recruitment policies are at different stages and of varying relevance to respective national actors. While Malaysia has become an active player and innovator on the international talent recruitment market, the other two countries still consider themselves as ‘self-sufficient’, relying on either their domestically produced human resources or, in the case of India, their skilled diaspora. The three countries are situated at different, mostly early stages of a ‘migration policy transition’, with rising demand for human capital, but still insufficient legal, administrative, and economic provisions to recruit and admit many skilled foreign workers. The ‘global race for talent’ is less of a race for the global South as it is in the global North.

中文翻译：

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全球技能竞赛中的后起之秀？巴西，印度和马来西亚的比较分析

摘要

新兴经济体如何竞争国际技术工人？为了探索非西方国家在“人才竞赛”的背景下用于吸引或留住高技能工人的政策，本文分析并比较了三个新兴经济体（巴西，印度和马来西亚）采用的政府措施。基于来自17个专家访谈的见解，我们描述了这三个国家扭转“人才流失”的做法和策略，即人才流失是由于移民而造成的。该文章认为，移民和技能招募政策的设计和开发处于不同的阶段，并且与各自的国家行为者具有不同的相关性。马来西亚已成为国际人才招聘市场的活跃参与者和创新者，另外两个国家仍然视自己为“自给自足”，要么依靠其国内生产的人力资源，要么依靠印度的熟练侨民。这三个国家处在不同的阶段，大多是在“移民政策过渡”的初期阶段，对人力资本的需求不断增加，但法律，行政和经济规定仍不足以招募和接纳许多熟练的外国工人。“全球人才竞赛”对于全球南方而言，与其说是在北方北方，不如说是一场种族之争。和经济规定来招募和接纳许多熟练的外国工人。“全球人才竞赛”对于全球南方而言，与其说是在北方北方，不如说是一场种族之争。和经济规定来招募和接纳许多熟练的外国工人。“全球人才竞赛”对于全球南方而言，与其说是在北方北方，不如说是一场种族之争。