ABSTRACT

In the last two decades, competition agencies around the world have increasingly directed their attention to enforcement against cartels. With the encouragement of the antitrust authorities of the United States, and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, various countries have introduced leniency programs, and sanctions for individuals found guilty of colluding. Critics are concerned, however, that these measures are not backed by broad public support, which could jeopardize their enforcement. This paper explores public attitudes toward cartels in Chile, an emerging economy that introduced a leniency program in 2009 and criminal sanctions in 2016, by presenting the results of a public opinion survey conducted in this country in August–September 2019. The results of the survey show high awareness of cartels and the harm they cause, and high public disapproval of cartel conduct among the Chilean respondents. In particular, up to 70 percent of the respondents support prison sentences against individuals found guilty of colluding. Such strong public support for anti-cartel measures could be considered positive from the perspective of enforcement. The results also emphasize the importance of continued competition advocacy directed at the society to explain and gain public support for the anti-cartel agenda.

中文翻译：

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智利共谋态度

摘要

在过去的二十年中，世界各地的竞争机构越来越多地将注意力集中在打击卡特尔的执法上。在美国反托拉斯当局和经济合作与发展组织的鼓励下，许多国家实施了宽大处理方案，并对被认定有共谋罪的个人实施制裁。批评者担心，这些措施没有得到广泛公众支持的支持，这可能会危害其执行。本文通过介绍智利于2019年8月至2019年9月进行的民意调查结果，探讨了智利对卡特尔的公众态度。智利是一个新兴经济体，于2009年引入宽大处理计划，并于2016年实施了刑事制裁。调查结果显示，智利受访者对卡特尔及其造成的危害有很高的认识，并且公众对卡特尔的举止表示强烈反对。特别是，多达70％的受访者支持对被判有共谋罪的个人判处有期徒刑。从执法的角度来看，公众对反卡特尔措施的大力支持可以被认为是积极的。结果还强调了继续开展面向社会的竞争倡导的重要性，以解释和获得公众对反卡特尔议程的支持。从执法的角度来看，公众对反卡特尔措施的大力支持可以被认为是积极的。结果还强调了继续开展面向社会的竞争倡导的重要性，以解释和获得公众对反卡特尔议程的支持。从执法的角度来看，公众对反卡特尔措施的大力支持可以被认为是积极的。结果还强调了继续开展面向社会的竞争倡导的重要性，以解释和获得公众对反卡特尔议程的支持。