ABSTRACT

Public opinion has moved towards a more restrictive approach to immigration since 2008, particularly in countries more strongly affected by economic recession. This is generally assumed to be a consequence of economic threat due to greater competition for scarce material resources, such as employment, leading to anti-immigration sentiment. However, not all individuals are affected equally by job losses, nor by the presence of migrants. Using data from the European Social Survey (2008–2016), in conjunction with the Labour Force Survey (2007–2016), this paper examines if individuals within occupations and sectors which face economic decline as measured by job losses, and which have a greater representation of migrants, are more likely to express anti-immigration sentiment. In line with the threat hypothesis the study finds that positive job growth is associated with pro-immigration sentiment while a greater share of migrants within occupations and sectors is linked to greater opposition towards immigration.

摘要

自2008年以来，公众舆论已朝着更加严格的移民方式发展，特别是在那些受经济衰退影响最严重的国家。通常认为这是由于对稀缺物质资源（例如就业）的更大竞争导致经济威胁的结果，从而导致反移民情绪。但是，并非所有人都受到失业或移民的同等影响。利用欧洲社会调查（2008–2016）的数据以及劳动力调查（2007–2016），本文研究了职业和部门内的个人是否面临着因失业而导致的经济衰退，并且其经济增长幅度更大。代表移民，则更有可能表达反移民情绪。