Floodplains perform diverse functions, including attenuation of fluxes of water, solutes, and particulate material. Critical details of floodplain storage including magnitude, duration, and spatial distribution are strongly influenced by floodplain biogeochemical processes and biotic communities. Floodplain storage of diverse materials can be conceptualized in the form of a budget that quantifies inputs, outputs, and storage within the floodplain control volume. The floodplain control volume is here defined as bounded on the inner edges by the banks of the active channel(s), on the outer edges by the limit of periodic flooding and the deposition of fluvially transported sediment, on the underside by the extent of hyporheic exchange flows and the floodplain aquifer, and on the upper side by the upper elevation of living vegetation. Fluxes within the floodplain control volume can also change the location, characteristics, and residence time of material in storage. Fluxes, residence time, and quantities of material stored in floodplains can be measured directly; inferred from diverse types of remotely sensed data; or quantitatively estimated using numerical models. Human activities can modify floodplain storage by: hydrologically and/or geomorphically disconnecting channels and floodplains; altering fluxes of water and sediment to the river corridor; and obliterating floodplains through alluvial mining or urbanization. Floodplain restoration can focus on enlarging the functional floodplain, reconnecting the channel and floodplain, restoring natural regimes of water, sediment, and/or large wood, or enhancing the spatial heterogeneity of the channel and floodplain. Each form of floodplain restoration can increase floodplain storage and resilience to disturbances.

中文翻译：

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洪泛区存储的综合概念化

洪泛区执行各种功能，包括衰减水，溶质和颗粒物质的通量。洪泛区生物地球化学过程和生物群落强烈影响着洪泛区存储的关键细节，包括大小，持续时间和空间分布。可以用预算的形式来概念化各种材料的洪泛区存储，该预算可以量化洪泛区控制范围内的投入，产出和存储。洪泛区控制量在此定义为：内边缘被活动通道的堤围界定，外边缘则受到周期性洪泛和河流运移沉积物沉积的限制，下边则受到水溶程度的限制。交换流量和洪泛区含水层，并在上方是活生生植被的高程。洪泛区控制区内的助焊剂也会改变物料在存储中的位置，特性和停留时间。通量，停留时间和洪泛区中存储的材料量可以直接测量；从各种类型的遥感数据推论得出；或使用数值模型进行定量估算。人类活动可以通过以下方式改变洪泛区的存储：在水文和/或地貌上断开河道和洪泛区的连接；以及 改变水和泥沙向河道的通量；通过冲积开采或城市化消除洪泛区。洪泛区的恢复可以集中在扩大功能性洪泛区，重新连接河道和洪泛区，恢复水，沉积物和/或大木材的自然状态，或增强河道和洪泛区的空间异质性上。