Phthalates are widely used in consumer products. Exposure to phthalates can lead to adverse health effects in humans, with early-life exposure being of particular concern. Phthalate exposure occurs mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. However, our understanding of the relative importance of different exposure routes is incomplete. This study estimated the intake of five phthalates from the residential indoor environment for 455 Swedish pregnant women in the SELMA study using phthalate mass fraction in indoor dust and compares these to total daily phthalate intakes back-calculated from phthalate metabolite concentrations in the women's urine. Steady-state models were used to estimate indoor air phthalate concentrations from dust measurements. Intakes from residential dust and air made meaningful contributions to total daily intakes of more volatile di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) (11% of total DEP intake and 28% of total DnBP and DiBP intake combined). Dermal absorption from air was the dominant pathway contributing to the indoor environmental exposure. Residential exposure to less volatile phthalates made minor contributions to total intake. These results suggest that reducing the presence of low molecular weight phthalates in the residential indoor environment can meaningfully reduce phthalate intake among pregnant women.

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SELMA 研究中孕妇的室内邻苯二甲酸盐暴露及其对总摄入量的贡献

邻苯二甲酸盐广泛用于消费品中。接触邻苯二甲酸盐会对人类造成不利的健康影响，尤其是生命早期的接触。邻苯二甲酸盐暴露主要通过摄入、吸入和皮肤吸收发生。然而，我们对不同暴露途径的相对重要性的理解是不完整的。该研究使用室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的质量分数估算了 SELMA 研究中 455 名瑞典孕妇从住宅室内环境中摄入的五种邻苯二甲酸酯，并将这些与根据女性尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度反算得出的每日邻苯二甲酸酯摄入总量进行了比较。稳态模型用于通过灰尘测量估计室内空气邻苯二甲酸盐浓度。来自住宅灰尘和空气的摄入量对更易挥发的邻苯二甲酸二乙酯 (DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯 (DnBP) 和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯 (DiBP) 的每日总摄入量做出了有意义的贡献（占 DEP 总量的 11%） DnBP 和 DiBP 总摄入量的 28%）。空气中的皮肤吸收是导致室内环境暴露的主要途径。居民接触挥发性较低的邻苯二甲酸盐对总摄入量的贡献很小。这些结果表明，减少住宅室内环境中低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯的存在可以显着减少孕妇的邻苯二甲酸酯摄入量。空气中的皮肤吸收是导致室内环境暴露的主要途径。居民接触挥发性较低的邻苯二甲酸盐对总摄入量的贡献很小。这些结果表明，减少住宅室内环境中低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯的存在可以显着减少孕妇的邻苯二甲酸酯摄入量。空气中的皮肤吸收是导致室内环境暴露的主要途径。居民接触挥发性较低的邻苯二甲酸盐对总摄入量的贡献很小。这些结果表明，减少住宅室内环境中低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯的存在可以显着减少孕妇的邻苯二甲酸酯摄入量。