Hypertension is a major modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factor and its presence in childhood is associated with the presence and burden of atherosclerosis. Moreover, hypertension tracks from childhood to adulthood and is associated with adverse cardiac changes and vascular damage that in turn are associated with premature cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Therefore, the early identification and effective treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents is key in the primordial and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, particularly for at-risk individuals, such as those with obesity, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease, among others. Unfortunately, hypertension can be difficult to diagnose in children and adolescents and is as such frequently under-recognised. In this Review, we provide an overview of hypertension in adolescents, with a focus on its prevalence and diagnosis, the rationale for early identification and treatment, and current knowledge gaps.

高血压是心血管疾病的主要可改变危险因素，其在儿童时期的存在与动脉粥样硬化的存在和负担有关。此外，高血压从童年到成年，并伴有不良的心脏变化和血管损伤，继而与成年后的过早心血管疾病有关。因此，对儿童和青少年高血压的早期识别和有效治疗是心血管疾病的原始和初级预防的关键，特别是对于那些有肥胖症，糖尿病或慢性肾脏病等高危人群尤其如此。不幸的是，高血压在儿童和青少年中可能难以诊断，因此经常被忽视。在这篇评论中，