Arising out of the challenge for Local Authorities (LAs) to operate sustainable systems of work, is to avoid the creation of ill-health including the most significant causes of physical absence, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

The study's aim was to compare the reliability of the manual handling element of the Health and Safety Executives (HSEs) risk comparator tool for different domestic waste collection methods with self-reported pain via body-mapping and MSD ill health absence rates. Participatory body-mapping exercises were carried out in five LAs with one LA resurveyed, six months after the move from 35 and 50 L containers to a wheeled bin recycling service.

The lowest levels of self-reported pain were for services designed with 240l wheeled bins excluding glass; the highest levels were for services that included 100l of garden waste sacks and recycling boxes. Industry data supports previous laboratory studies showing wheeled bins to be associated with less MSD outcomes than boxes, baskets and sacks.

Triangulation of data established a statistically significant correlation of 0.85 (Pearson) between average pain-count (APC) and the mean MSD absence rates, with a strong correlation of 0.77 (Spearman) between APC and risk rating. The correlation is moderate, 0.49 (Spearman) between MSD absence and risk rating, reflecting possible intervening variables and a low participation rate by LAs.

The contribution of this study is to improve the design of sustainable waste collection strategies to minimise MSD associated absence. In the absence of reliable absence data, body mapping should be used as a proxy method of assessing MSD risk.

摆脱地方当局（LA）运作可持续工作系统的挑战，是避免造成健康不良，包括身体缺损，肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的最重要原因。

这项研究的目的是比较健康和安全执行人员（HSEs）风险比较工具的手动处理元素对于不同的生活垃圾收集方法的可靠性，该方法通过身体贴图和MSD患病率低而自我报告为疼痛。在从35升和50升集装箱转向轮式垃圾箱回收服务六个月后，在五个LA中进行了参与式人体贴图练习，并重新调查了一个LA。

自我报告的疼痛程度最低的是设计为使用240升带轮垃圾箱（不包括玻璃杯）的服务；最高水平的服务包括100升花园垃圾袋和回收箱。行业数据支持以前的实验室研究，显示轮式垃圾箱与MSD结果相比要比箱子，篮子和麻袋少。

数据的三角剖分建立了平均疼痛计数（APC）与平均MSD缺失率之间的统计显着相关性（Pearson）为0.85（Pearson），而APC与风险评级之间的相关性为0.77（Spearman）有很强的相关性。MSD缺乏与风险评级之间的相关性为中等，为0.49（Spearman），反映了可能的干预变量和LA的参与率较低。

这项研究的目的是改进可持续废物收集策略的设计，以最大程度地减少与MSD相关的缺勤。在缺乏可靠的缺勤数据的情况下，应使用人体图谱作为评估MSD风险的替代方法。