Because of the complex topography in mountainous areas, road traffic risk factors like sharp turns, continuous long downhills, multi-tunnel sections and dangerous roadside environment are very common. The objective of this study was to analyze how accurately do the drivers perceive hazardous degrees of the above four mountainous highway traffic risk factors by making a comparison between subjective risk and objective risk. The results of subjective/perceived risk were based on a self-completion questionnaire survey in a sample of the drivers. 12,866 cases of mountainous highway crashes in Yunnan from 2015 to 2017 were used to establish the “objective/statistical risk” for various risk factors. The results show that as far as differences in hazardous degrees between different mountainous highway traffic risk factors are concerned, the comparisons show high correlations between statistical risk and perceived risk. Both the relative values of statistical risk and perceived risk corresponding to “multi-tunnel sections” are the highest, and the two relative values corresponding to “continuous long downhills” are the lowest. The factors of age, gender, crash experience and the injuries in the crashes of the drivers are proved to have effects on the corresponding perceived risk according to the investigation results. The elderly over 65 years old have much less insufficient perception of the mountainous highway traffic risk factors compared with the objective risk they are facing. There are great differences in statistical and perceived risk between female and male drivers who are between 18 and 24 years old, and the differences in other age groups are not as great as this age group. Drivers recovered from injuries perceived much higher hazardous degrees of all the studied four mountainous highway traffic risk factors than the uninjured drivers in the crashes. The results of this research can provide references for the drivers to modify their driving behaviors to be more appropriate to the circumstances according to the risk they perceive during their driving on the mountainous highways.

中文翻译：

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驾驶员对不同山区公路交通危险因素的危险度感知程度如何？

由于山区地形复杂，急转弯、连续长下坡、多隧道段和危险的路边环境等道路交通危险因素非常普遍。本研究的目的是通过主观风险和客观风险的比较，分析驾驶员对上述四种山区公路交通风险因素的危险程度的准确感知。主观/感知风险的结果基于对驾驶员样本的自我完成问卷调查。以云南2015-2017年12866起山地公路交通事故为例，建立各风险因素的“客观/统计风险”。结果表明，就不同山区公路交通危险因素的危险程度差异而言，比较显示统计风险和感知风险之间存在高度相关性。“多隧道段”对应的统计风险和感知风险的相对值最高，“连续长下坡”对应的两个相对值最低。调查结果证明，年龄、性别、碰撞经历和驾驶员在碰撞中的伤害等因素对相应的感知风险有影响。与他们面临的客观风险相比，65 岁以上老年人对山区公路交通风险因素的认知不足要少得多。年龄在 18 至 24 岁之间的女性和男性驾驶员在统计和感知风险方面存在很大差异，而其他年龄段的差异没有这个年龄段那么大。在所有研究的四个山区公路交通危险因素中，受伤后康复的驾驶员比事故中未受伤的驾驶员认为危险程度要高得多。研究结果可为驾驶员在山区高速公路上根据自身感知的风险调整驾驶行为，使其更适应实际情况提供参考。