Finite Element Method (FEM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method are effective methods to study the interaction between marine structures and sea ice. However, both FEM and SPH methods have their own shortcomings in numerical simulations. There are mesh distortions and disappearance in FEM, and tensile instability, difficulty in applying boundary conditions, and low computational efficiency in SPH. Thus, to make up those problems, it is essential to develop a new numerical method. In the present study, the FEM–SPH adaptive method was applied in the numerical simulation of icebreaking, which could convert finite elements into SPH particles based on given conditions. Numerical models of cone and icebreaker interactions with level ice were established. Then, numerical simulation results were compared with empirical formula and model test results. In addition, the effects of cone angle and ice strength were analyzed. It was demonstrated that this algorithm could accurately predict the icebreaking resistance, which is the most concerned parameter in practice. Simultaneously, it could effectively simulate the accumulation process of ice rubbles. Thus, the FEM–SPH adaptive method is considered to be an effective way to simulate the interaction between marine structures and sea ice, and has great potential in the numerical simulation of icebreaking.

有限元法和光滑粒子流体动力学法是研究海洋结构与海冰相互作用的有效方法。但是，FEM和SPH方法在数值模拟中都有其自身的缺点。FEM中存在网格变形和消失，拉伸不稳定性，难以应用边界条件以及SPH中的计算效率低的问题。因此，要弥补这些问题，必须开发一种新的数值方法。在本研究中，FEM–SPH自适应方法被应用于破冰的数值模拟中，该方法可以根据给定条件将有限元转换为SPH粒子。建立了圆锥形和破冰器与水平冰相互作用的数值模型。然后，将数值模拟结果与经验公式和模型测试结果进行了比较。此外，分析了锥角和冰强度的影响。实践证明，该算法能够准确预测破冰阻力，这是实际中最关注的参数。同时，它可以有效地模拟碎冰的积累过程。因此，FEM-SPH自适应方法被认为是模拟海洋结构与海冰相互作用的有效方法，在破冰的数值模拟中具有很大的潜力。它可以有效地模拟碎冰的积累过程。因此，FEM-SPH自适应方法被认为是模拟海洋结构与海冰相互作用的有效方法，在破冰的数值模拟中具有很大的潜力。它可以有效地模拟碎冰的积累过程。因此，FEM-SPH自适应方法被认为是模拟海洋结构与海冰相互作用的有效方法，在破冰的数值模拟中具有很大的潜力。