As pro-environmental behaviors in business are advocated, recycling process has become a hot topic in the supply chain management. Besides the traditional wholesales and retail for new products, manufacturers would like to recycle and reprocess used products with consideration of production costs and pressure from environment protection. This paper considers the recycling process implemented by manufacturers themselves or entrusted to retailers to implement. A two-period model is established to discuss the optimal recycling and pricing strategies for manufacturers and retailers under both active return and passive return. The results show that the manufacturers and retailers are always better off in active return than that in passive return. The decision that manufacturers participate to the recycling by themselves or entrust it to retailers depends on the return rate and the collection cost. Numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis are implemented to demonstrate our results and illustrate the effect of each parameter on the optimal strategies.

随着提倡商业中的环保行为，回收过程已成为供应链管理中的热门话题。除了传统的新产品批发和零售外，制造商还希望在考虑生产成本和环境保护压力的情况下对旧产品进行回收和再加工。本文考虑了由制造商自己实施或委托零售商实施的回收过程。建立了一个两周期模型，以讨论制造商和零售商在主动收益和被动收益下的最优回收和定价策略。结果表明，制造商和零售商在主动收益上总是比被动收益要好。制造商自行参与回收还是将其委托给零售商的决定取决于退货率和回收成本。进行了数值模拟和灵敏度分析，以证明我们的结果并说明每个参数对最佳策略的影响。