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Morphology, structure, and histochemistry of the inflorescences, fruit, and seed of the Ramón nut, Brosimum alicastrum Sw. subsp. alicastrum CC Berg (Moraceae)
Brazilian Journal of Botany ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s40415-021-00708-w
Alicia Enriqueta Brechú-Franco , Alfonso Francisco Larqué-Saavedra , Guillermo Laguna-Hernández , Karen Pasillas-Rodríguez , Silvia Espinosa-Matias

Brosimum alicastrum Sw, known in Mexico as the Ramón nut, is a sustainable resource in the economy of Yucatan, Mexico; the pulp and seed are edible, and the latter is very nutritious when consumed whole or ground into corn or wheat flour to make tortillas and bread. Because the inflorescences are an essential source of Moraceae taxonomic traits, the histochemistry of the floral parts, fruit, and seed of B. alicastrum was studied to establish their structural characteristics and chemical nature. Different developmental stages of the structures were studied with anatomical and histochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. The species presented three achlamydeous floral morphs: (a) uniflorous, unisexual pistillate inflorescence, with the ovary embedded in the receptacle, and exposing a style with bifurcate stigma; (b) unisexual staminate inflorescence with flowers with one stamen, a straight and thick filament, a bilocular peltate anther, with fused theca and circumscissile dehiscence, characteristics that define it as Brosimum alicastrum Sw. subsp. alicastrum CC Berg; and (c) bisexual inflorescence with staminate flowers and a pistillate flower with an atrophied ovule. The fleshy and sweet pulp is derived from the receptacle containing glycoproteins and idioblasts. The endocarp, which derives from the ovary wall, has a coriaceous consistency, so the fruit is classified as a pome. Thick and unequal fleshy cotyledons with laticifers, proteinoplasts, amyloplasts, and idioblasts; endosperm is absent from the mature seed; a thin and lignified seed coat surrounds them. The nutritional characteristics of the fruit and seed were corroborated with positive reactions of histochemical techniques.



中文翻译:

拉蒙坚果(Brosimum alicastrum Sw。)花序,果实和种子的形态,结构和组织化学。亚种 alicastrum CC Berg(桑科)

在墨西哥被称为“拉蒙坚果”的Alicastrum Sw Brobroum是墨西哥尤卡坦州经济中的一种可持续资源。果肉和种子是可食用的,当将其全部食用或磨成玉米粉或小麦粉制成玉米饼和面包时,后者非常有营养。由于花序是桑科分类学特征的重要来源,因此,拟南芥的花卉部分,果实和种子的组织化学进行了研究以建立其结构特征和化学性质。利用解剖和组织化学技术以及扫描电子显微镜研究了结构的不同发展阶段。该物种表现出三种形花的形态:(a)单花,单性雌性花序,子房内嵌有子房,并暴露出具分叉柱头的花柱;(b)单性花序具花,具一雄蕊,直的和粗的花丝,双眼带状花药,具融合的鞘膜和割裂开裂,其特征被定义为Balisimum alicastrum Sw。亚种 阿里卡斯特鲁姆CC Berg;(c)双性花序具雄蕊花和具萎缩胚珠的雌蕊花。多肉的和甜的果肉来自包含糖蛋白和成纤维细胞的容器。来自子房壁的内果皮具有稠密的果皮,因此该果实被归类为梨。厚而不等的肉质子叶,有乳胶质细胞,质体,淀粉体和成纤维细胞;成熟种子中没有胚乳;薄而木质的种皮围绕着它们。组织化学技术的积极反应证实了水果和种子的营养特性。

更新日期:2021-03-10
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