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Effects of cognitive load and type of object on the visual looming bias
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.3758/s13414-021-02271-8
Austen McGuire , Ali Ciersdorff , Omri Gillath , Michael Vitevitch

According to the behavioral urgency hypothesis, organisms have evolved various mechanisms that facilitate their survival by focusing attention and resources on approaching danger. One example of such mechanisms is the looming bias—the tendency for an individual to judge an approaching object’s distance as being closer or time-to-collision as being sooner than receding or stationary objects. To date, most research on the looming bias has explored the ways in which human factors and object characteristics influence the strength and direction of the bias. The current study expanded on this field of research in two novels ways by exploring (a) whether cognitive vulnerabilities may influence the strength of the looming bias in the visual domain, and (b) whether the combination of human factors (i.e., cognitive load) and object characteristics (i.e., object threat) interact to create an additive effect on looming bias strength. Findings appear to only partially support the hypotheses that cognitive vulnerabilities can influence looming bias strength in the visual domain, and that factors related to both the individual and the looming object may interact to create a stronger looming bias. These findings help to highlight possible evolutionary advantages of the looming bias and its presence across modalities, as well as add some strength to the claims that the margin of safety theory can be generalized to include psychological factors.



中文翻译:

认知负荷和物体类型对视觉隐隐偏见的影响

根据行为紧迫性假说,生物体已经进化出各种机制,通过将注意力和资源集中在接近危险上来促进其生存。这种机制的一个例子是迫在眉睫的偏见-人们倾向于将接近物体的距离判断为比后退或静止的物体更近或碰撞时间更早。迄今为止,大多数关于迫在眉睫的偏见的研究都探索了人为因素和物体特征影响偏倚的强度和方向的方式。当前的研究通过探索(a)认知脆弱性是否会影响视觉领域迫在眉睫的偏见的强度,以及(b)人为因素的组合(即认知负荷)是否以两种新颖的方式扩展了这一研究领域。和对象特征(即 物体威胁)交互作用,从而对迫近的偏见强度产生累加效果。这些发现似乎仅部分支持以下假设:认知脆弱性可能影响视域中的迫在眉睫的偏见强度,而与个人和迫在眉睫的物体相关的因素可能相互作用以产生更强的迫在眉睫的偏见。这些发现有助于强调迫在眉睫的偏见及其在各种模式中的存在可能带来的进化优势,并为认为安全范围理论可以概括为包括心理因素的说法增添了一些力量。并且与个人和迫在眉睫的物体相关的因素可能会相互作用,从而产生更强的迫在眉睫的偏见。这些发现有助于强调迫在眉睫的偏见及其在各种模式中的存在可能带来的进化优势,并为认为安全范围理论可以概括为包括心理因素的说法增添了一些力量。并且与个人和迫在眉睫的物体相关的因素可能会相互作用,从而产生更强的迫在眉睫的偏见。这些发现有助于强调迫在眉睫的偏见及其在各种模式中的存在可能带来的进化优势,并为认为安全范围理论可以概括为包括心理因素的说法增添了一些力量。

更新日期:2021-03-10
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