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Multifaceted characteristics of dryland aridity changes in a warming world
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment ( IF 42.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.1038/s43017-021-00144-0
Xu Lian , Shilong Piao , Anping Chen , Chris Huntingford , Bojie Fu , Laurent Z. X. Li , Jianping Huang , Justin Sheffield , Alexis M. Berg , Trevor F. Keenan , Tim R. McVicar , Yoshihide Wada , Xuhui Wang , Tao Wang , Yuting Yang , Michael L. Roderick

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling evidence to demonstrate emerging differences in dryland aridity dependent on the specific metric considered. Although warming heightens vapour pressure deficit and, thus, atmospheric demand for water in both the observations and the projections, these changes do not wholly propagate to exacerbate soil moisture and runoff deficits. Moreover, counter-intuitively, many arid ecosystems have exhibited significant greening and enhanced vegetation productivity since the 1980s. Such divergence between atmospheric and ecohydrological aridity changes can primarily be related to moisture limitations by dry soils and plant physiological regulations of evapotranspiration under elevated CO2. The latter process ameliorates water stress on plant growth and decelerates warming-enhanced water losses from soils, while simultaneously warming and drying the near-surface air. We place these climate-induced aridity changes in the context of exacerbated water scarcity driven by rapidly increasing anthropogenic needs for freshwater to support population growth and economic development. Under future warming, dryland ecosystems might respond non-linearly, caused by, for example, complex ecosystem–hydrology–human interactions and increased mortality risks from drought and heat stress, which is a foremost priority for future research.



中文翻译:

变暖世界中旱地干旱变化的多方面特征

旱地是地球系统的重要组成部分,并且是最容易受到气候变化影响的地区。在这篇综述中,我们综合了观察和建模证据,以证明干旱地区干旱的新出现差异取决于所考虑的具体指标。尽管变暖加剧了水汽压差,因此在观测和预测中都增加了大气对水的需求,但这些变化并没有完全传播,加剧了土壤水分和径流的不足。此外,与直觉相反,自1980年代以来,许多干旱的生态系统已表现出明显的绿化和植被生产力的提高。大气和生态水文干旱度变化之间的这种差异可能主要与干旱土壤中的水分限制以及CO升高时蒸散的植物生理学规律有关。2。后一过程减轻了水分对植物生长的压力,并减缓了土壤中变暖的水分流失,同时使近地表的空气变暖和干燥。我们将这些由气候引起的干旱变化置于加剧的水短缺的背景下,而人为的快速增长的淡水需求推动了这种短缺,以支持人口增长和经济发展。在未来变暖的情况下,旱地生态系统可能会非线性响应,例如,由复杂的生态系统-水文学-人与人之间的相互作用以及干旱和高温胁迫导致的死亡风险增加,这是未来研究的重中之重。

更新日期:2021-03-09
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