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Diversity of property regimes of Mediterranean coastal lagoons in S. France; implications for coastal zone management
Ocean & Coastal Management ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105579
Rutger De Wit , Pénélope Chaubron-Couturier , Florence Galletti

We provide a cartography of the current property regimes of permanent coastal lagoons along the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea for continental France and Corsica, which include both private and public properties. In France, for the latter, the State Domain Code and the General Code of the property of public persons make a clear difference between Public Domain and private property of the different public entities. Public domain represents property that is imprescriptible and inalienable, i.e. the property rights cannot be changed in the future and neither transferred nor sold to somebody else. In contrast, private properties of public entities can be sold or transferred to thirds. Maritime Public Domain (DPM) was created since 1681. DPM has accommodated Public Domain for the French coastal lagoons following their legal definition as “salty ponds (French étangs salés) with a direct, natural and permanent connection with the sea”. However, private landlords battled juridically with the State for centuries both by attacking the pertinence of this definition and claiming ancestral property rights. As a result, before 1980, more than half of the coastal lagoons comprised private properties, representing about a quarter of the lagoon surface. Twelve of 40 coastal lagoons comprise DPM, mainly the larger lagoons (e.g., Salses-Leucate, many lagoons close to Narbonne, Thau lagoon, Berre lagoon), representing 65% of the total lagoon surface. Since its foundation in 1975, the Conservatoire du Littoral, a public body in charge of coastal nature protection, has bought private coastal lagoons properties in twenty of 40 lagoons, representing 22% of the total lagoon surface. These have been designated as inalienable and imprescriptible “Public Domain of the Conservatoire”, safeguarded for nature conservation purposes. Nowadays, private ownership still persists in 13 lagoons representing 3.3% of total surface. The Coastal lagoons in Roussillon (Etangs du Canet and Salses-Leucate), the Hérault department, in the Camargue and in Corsica currently show variable and sometimes fragmented ownership (in addition to the Conservatoire, DPM, private ownership, municipalities, departments). Fragmented ownership is a clear difficulty for the integrated management of coastal lagoons. With currently, 87% of the coastal lagoons as Public Domain, public law and the environmental code have to evolve to tackle the challenges for the conservation and management of coastal lagoons and their connectivity with the other ecosystems on land and in the sea.



中文翻译:

法国南部地中海沿岸泻湖财产制度的多样性;对沿海地区管理的影响

我们提供了一个地图,显示了法国和科西嘉岛沿地中海沿岸永久性沿海泻湖的现行财产制度,包括私有财产和公共财产。在法国,对于后者,公共领域的国家领域代码和通用代码在公共领域和不同公共实体的私有财产之间有着明显的区别。公有领域代表的是不可剥夺和不可剥夺的财产,即,财产权将来不能更改,既不能转让也不能出售给他人。相反,公共实体的私有财产可以出售或转让给第三方。海事公共领域(DPM)成立于1681年。étangssalés)与海洋直接,自然和永久地保持联系”。但是,私人地主通过攻击该定义的相关性并主张祖先的财产权,与国家进行了数百年的司法斗争。结果,在1980年之前,沿海泻湖有一半以上是私有财产,占泻湖面积的四分之一左右。40个沿海泻湖中有十二个构成了DPM,主要是较大的泻湖(例如Salses-Leucate,靠近纳博讷,Thau泻湖,Berre泻湖的许多泻湖),占泻湖总面积的65%。自1975年成立以来,沿海音乐学院负责沿海自然保护的公共机构,已在40个泻湖中的20个中购买了私人的泻湖物业,占泻湖总面积的22%。这些被指定为不可分割且不可描述的“自然保护区公共领域”,出于自然保护目的而受到保护。时至今日,私人所有权仍然存在于13个泻湖中,占总面积的3.3%。鲁西永(Etangs du Canet和Salses-Leucate),埃罗省,卡玛格和科西嘉岛的沿海泻湖目前显示出不同的所有权,有时甚至是零散的所有权(除了音乐学院之外),DPM,私有制,市政当局,部门)。所有权分散是沿海泻湖综合管理的明显困难。目前,必须将87%的沿海泻湖作为公共领域,公法和环境法规进行发展,以应对沿海泻湖的保护和管理及其与陆地和海洋中其他生态系统的连通性带来的挑战。

更新日期:2021-03-09
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