Solar-driven water evaporation is a promising method to address the growing freshwater crisis. Materials with excellent photothermal conversion property and their incorporation into high-efficiency devices are the key to solving such crisis. Herein, a flexible architecture featuring uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles within three-dimensional (3D) carbonized melamine foams (CMF) is proposed, which combines the merits of CMF's porous structure and Ag's plasmonic optical property to efficiently convert light to heat. Packing such 3D CMF@Ag with a melamine foam (MF) as the water absorption layer, solar-driven water evaporation with high efficiency is achieved. With 1 kW m⁻² solar illumination on pure tap water, wet fine sand and xalsonte, the fully packed device exhibits evaporation rates of 2.12, 2.14 and 2.39 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and photothermal efficiency of 102.99%, 105.83% and 119.46%, respectively. The enhanced water evaporation performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the efficient photothermal conversion of CMF@Ag layer, the strong water absorption/transfer ability of the MF layer, the tightly integrated CMF/MF interface and the environmental energy-assisted means. Equivalently important is the 3D porous structure of CMF that increases the scattering of light and reduces the water vaporization enthalpy. By demonstrating this unique design capable of scalable processing and packing, we expect it to be a promising candidate for efficient water purification applicable to various water sources.

太阳能驱动的水蒸发是解决日益严重的淡水危机的有前途的方法。具有出色的光热转换性能的材料及其并入高效器件中是解决此类危机的关键。在本文中，提出了一种灵活的体系结构，其特征是在三维（3D）碳化三聚氰胺泡沫（CMF）中均匀分布的Ag纳米颗粒，该结构结合了CMF多孔结构的优点和Ag的等离子体光学性质，可以有效地将光转换为热。通过将三聚氰胺泡沫（MF）与三聚氰胺泡沫（MF）封装在一起作为吸水层，可以实现太阳能驱动的高效水蒸发。1 kW m ^-2时完全包装的设备在纯净自来水，湿细砂和哈尔森特上进行太阳能照明，蒸发速率分别为2.12、2.14和2.39 kg m ^-2 h ^-1光热效率分别为102.99％，105.83％和119.46％。增强的水蒸发性能归因于CMF @ Ag层的有效光热转化，MF层的强吸水/转移能力，CMF / MF界面紧密结合以及环境能量辅助手段的协同效应。同样重要的是CMF的3D多孔结构，它可以增加光的散射并减少水的蒸发焓。通过展示这种可扩展处理和包装的独特设计，我们希望它成为适用于各种水源的高效水净化的有前途的候选者。