Field data on the occurrence of the common and cosmopolitan submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum in relation to the water ammonium content were compared with the response of the plants to different ammonium treatments performed in the laboratory. Ammonium concentrations above 10 μM in the monitored area were found to be a strong limiting factor on the presence of C. demersum in water bodies. On the other hand, no adverse effect of nitrate was observed. In short-term laboratory experiments, the plants grew well even at 100 μM ammonium at pH 7.5, but higher concentrations affected the plant. Laboratory experiments showed that the accumulation of flavonoids with antioxidant properties was induced by ammonium. The detailed LC/MS analysis of the major flavonoids showed that the most abundant compound was tricetin present mainly as a monoglycoside in crude extracts. Luteolin, selgin, apigenin, tricin and chrysoeriol glycosides were also present in considerable amounts. Tricetin, a flavonoid having strong antioxidative properties, was most induced by higher ammonium levels. At high ammonium concentrations, plant tissues exhibited notable damage and the production of antioxidants declined.

比较了有关常见和世界性大型水生植物金藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）与水铵含量相关的实地数据，以及在实验室中植物对不同铵处理的响应。在监测区域中发现铵浓度高于10μM是限制解链梭菌存在的重要因素在水体中。另一方面，未观察到硝酸盐的不利影响。在短期实验室实验中，即使在pH 7.5的100μM铵下，植物也生长良好，但较高的浓度会影响植物。实验室实验表明，具有抗氧化作用的黄酮类化合物的积累是由铵引起的。对主要类黄酮的详细LC / MS分析表明，最丰富的化合物是甘油三酯，主要作为粗糖中的单糖苷存在。木犀草素，selgin，芹菜素，甘油三酸酯和金鸡油醇糖苷的含量也很高。甘油三酸酯（Tricetin）是一种具有强抗氧化性能的类黄酮，其主要原因是较高的铵含量。在高铵浓度下，植物组织表现出明显的损害，抗氧化剂的产生下降。