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Development of Groundwater Irrigation in Telangana State: Challenges, Management and Way Forward
Journal of the Geological Society of India ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s12594-021-1678-2
Pandith Madhnure , B. Lavanya

Groundwater based irrigation, which was started in India as early as “Indus Civilizations” got impetus during 3rd five-year plan. In India, at present 78 m ha of irrigation potential is created and 80 percent is utilized. One of the World’s highest user of groundwater is India with 63 percent of its dynamic groundwater resources. Similarly, Telangana State is also utilizing the dynamic groundwater resources up to 65 percent. Groundwater a reliable source of irrigation with high yields and brings equity among its users as ∼99 % of structures are owned by individuals. In the state, well irrigation increased from ∼0.46 lakh ha from 1875 to 23.35 lakh ha during 2017–18 and well density increased to ∼13 wells/km2 leading to decrease in irrigation potential under each well to < 1 ha. As a result of it many challenges like water logging & salinity in canal command areas, over-exploitation leading to de-saturation of shallow aquifers, underutilization in north eastern part, groundwater pollution (both geogenic and anthropogenic) and sustainability, etc have cropped up. The management steps taken up in water sector like water transfer through KLIP, providing protected water supply through Mission Bhagiratha, de-siltation through Mission Kakatiya, forest rejuvenation through Haritha Haram, construction of various ARS, modernization of canals, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater, user centred aquifer level groundwater management, tank management, IEC activities etc brought positive changes in water availability in the state more particularly surface water. In order to sustain these efforts, formation of WUA at watershed/village level for agricultural planning, change in cropping pattern from highly intensive paddy to ID crops more particularly from non-command areas, conjunctive use of water, warabandhi (on/off) method of releasing irrigation water, developing intercepting drains, soil treatment, declaring crop holidays, separate electric grids for agriculture and domestic supply, legally separating water and land rights and strict implementation of regulatory measures. The other measures suggested are policy interventions that involve regulatory mechanisms and linking village-based institutions to government departments that manage groundwater etc.



中文翻译:

特伦甘纳邦州地下水灌溉的发展:挑战,管理和前进方向

印度的“印度文明”最早在第三个五年计划期间就开始了以地下水为基础的灌溉。在印度,目前创造了78百万公顷的灌溉潜力,并利用了80%的灌溉潜力。印度是世界上地下水使用量最高的国家之一,其动态地下水资源的63%来自印度。同样,Telangana州也正在利用高达65%的动态地下水资源。地下水是一种可靠的灌溉方式,产量高,可为用户带来公平,因为约有99%的建筑物为个人所有。该州的水井灌溉量从1875年的约4.6十万公顷增加到2017-18年度的233.5百万公顷,井密度增加至约13口井/ km 2导致每个井下的灌溉潜力降低至<1公顷。因此,出现了许多挑战,例如运河指挥区的水淹和盐碱化,过度开采导致浅层含水层饱和,东北部利用不足,地下水污染(地质和人为因素)和可持续性等问题。 。水务部门采取的管理步骤包括通过KLIP调水,通过Bhagiratha特派团提供受保护的供水,通过Kakatiya特派团进行淤泥淤积,通过Haritha Haram进行森林复兴,各种ARS的建设,运河的现代化,地表水和地下水的联合使用,以用户为中心的含水层地下水管理,储罐管理,IEC活动等为该州的可用水量带来了积极变化,尤其是地表水。为了维持这些努力,在流域/村庄一级建立了用水户协会,以进行农业规划,将耕作模式从高强度稻田改为内陆作物,特别是非命令地区,水的联合使用,warabandhi(开/关)方法放水,发展截水沟,进行土壤处理,宣布农作物假期,将农业和家庭供水分开的电网,合法地将水和土地权分开,并严格执行监管措施。建议采取的其他措施是涉及监管机制的政策干预措施,并将乡村机构与管理地下水等的政府部门联系起来。为了维持这些努力,在流域/村庄一级建立了用水户协会,以进行农业规划,将耕作模式从高强度稻田改为内陆作物,特别是非命令地区,水的联合使用,warabandhi(开/关)方法放水,发展截水沟,进行土壤处理,宣布农作物假期,将农业和家庭供水分开的电网,合法地将水和土地权分开,并严格执行监管措施。建议采取的其他措施是涉及监管机制的政策干预措施,并将乡村机构与管理地下水等的政府部门联系起来。为了维持这些努力,在流域/村庄一级建立了用水户协会,以进行农业规划,将耕作模式从高强度稻田改为内陆作物,特别是非命令地区,水的联合使用,warabandhi(开/关)方法放水,发展截水沟,进行土壤处理,宣布作物休假,为农业和家庭供应提供独立的电网,合法地将水和土地权分开并严格执行监管措施。建议采取的其他措施是涉及监管机制的政策干预措施,并将乡村机构与管理地下水等的政府部门联系起来。耕作模式从高强度稻田改为内陆作物,特别是非命令地区,水的联合使用,放水的沃拉班迪(开/关)方法,发展截流渠,土壤处理,宣布作物假期,分开的电网在农业和国内供应方面,将水权和土地权合法分开,并严格执行监管措施。建议采取的其他措施是涉及监管机制的政策干预措施,并将乡村机构与管理地下水等的政府部门联系起来。耕作模式从高强度稻田改为内陆作物,特别是非命令地区,水的联合使用,放水的沃拉班迪(开/关)方法,发展截流渠,土壤处理,宣布作物假期,分开的电网在农业和国内供应方面,将水权和土地权合法分开,并严格执行监管措施。建议采取的其他措施是涉及监管机制的政策干预措施,并将乡村机构与管理地下水等的政府部门联系起来。在法律上将水权和土地权分开,并严格执行监管措施。建议采取的其他措施是涉及监管机制的政策干预措施,并将乡村机构与管理地下水等的政府部门联系起来。在法律上将水权和土地权分开,并严格执行监管措施。建议采取的其他措施是涉及监管机制的政策干预措施,并将乡村机构与管理地下水等的政府部门联系起来。

更新日期:2021-03-09
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