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Detection of Soybean Powder and Rice Flour Adulterations in Premature Formula by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01072-w
Mahyar Sanadgol Nezami , Alireza Feizbakhsh , Amir Bagheri Garmarudi

Adulteration has been one of the most significant global concerns in the field of infant formula quality control. Proteins and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) are the most important nutrients in the premature infant formula powder (PIFP), so that insufficient amounts of them may restrict proper growth and development. Rice flour (RF) and soybean powder (SP) are two inexpensive and harmful adulterants that can be added to PIFP as fat and protein, respectively. Spectroscopy is a fast, simple, cheap, and non-destructive measurement tool to analyze variant constituents of chemical systems and identify adulterants in the food industry. The present study implemented the combinatorial method of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with chemometrics to identify and classify PIFP samples contaminated with RF and SP. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and support vector machine (SVM) were used as chemometrics techniques to identify and categorize FT-IR data. The efficiency of such chemometrics techniques was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and correct-prediction percent. Based on the results, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics techniques can be used as a fast, inexpensive, and robust method to specify RF and SP in PIFP. Classification results obtained based on the specificity and sensitivity of SIMCA, PLS-DA, and SVM methods on PIFP samples in the test group were 91, 88; 96, 91; and 79, 80%, respectively.



中文翻译:

ATR-FTIR光谱和化学计量学检测过早配方中的大豆粉和米粉掺假

掺假一直是婴儿配方奶粉质量控制领域中最重要的全球性问题之一。蛋白质和长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)是早产婴儿配方奶粉(PIFP)中最重要的营养素,因此不足量可能会限制正常的生长发育。大米粉(RF)和大豆粉(SP)是两种廉价且有害的掺假物,可以分别作为脂肪和蛋白质添加到PIFP中。光谱仪是一种快速,简单,便宜且无损的测量工具,可用于分析化学系统的不同组成部分并识别食品工业中的掺假物。本研究实现了化学计量学与衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)的组合方法,以识别和分类被RF和SP污染的PIFP样品。使用类比的软独立建模(SIMCA),偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)和支持向量机(SVM)作为化学计量学技术,对FT-IR数据进行识别和分类。根据敏感性,特异性和正确预测百分比评估了此类化学计量学技术的效率。根据结果​​,ATR-FTIR光谱结合化学计量学技术可以用作在PIFP中指定RF和SP的快速,廉价且可靠的方法。根据SIMCA,PLS-DA的特异性和敏感性获得的分类结果 测试组中PIFP样本的SVM方法和SVM方法分别为91、88;96、91;分别为79%和80%。

更新日期:2021-03-09
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