In this study, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were classified based on the principle of generation of lifting force. In addition, the structural characteristics, flight mechanisms, and research examples of each UAV category were introduced. Lifting force is the force that enables an aircraft to hover by countering gravity. It is one of the four forces (i.e., gravity, lifting force, thrust force, and drag force) that act on an aircraft while it flies. In this study, UAVs were classified into the following four categories based on the method of generation of lifting force: (1) fixed wing-based UAVs, which fly based on the lifting force generated indirectly from the forward thrust by using the geometry of aerodynamically designed fixed-wing cross-sections; (2) rotating and flapping wing-based UAVs, which generate lifting force directly using rotating or reciprocating wings, to counter gravity; (3) hybrid wing-based UAVs, which fly using both fixed and rotating wings; and (4) gas envelope-based UAVs, which generate lifting force using the difference in density between the gas and external air, rather than wings. These four types were classified further based specifically on the structural characteristics, and described using particular cases. Considering that UAVs have various flight purposes such as material transport, reconnaissance, surveillance, and special operations, it is anticipated that UAVs with the optimal flight mechanism for each purpose can be selected based on the flight characteristics of UAVs introduced in this paper.

在这项研究中，基于产生升力的原理对无人飞行器（UAV）进行了分类。此外，还介绍了每种无人机类别的结构特征，飞行机理和研究实例。升力是使飞机通过抵抗重力而悬停的力。它是飞机飞行时作用在飞机上的四个力（即重力，升力，推力和阻力）之一。在这项研究中，无人机根据提升力的产生方法分为以下四类：（1）固定翼式无人机，其基于通过使用空气动力学几何形状从前推力间接产生的提升力进行飞行设计的固定翼横截面；（2）旋转和扑翼的无人机 通过旋转或往复运动的机翼直接产生提升力以抵消重力；（3）基于混合机翼的无人机，可同时使用固定翼和旋转翼进行飞行；（4）基于气体包壳的无人机，它们利用气体与外部空气（而不是机翼）之间的密度差来产生升力。根据结构特征进一步对这四种类型进行了分类，并使用特殊情况进行了描述。考虑到无人机具有多种飞行目的，例如物料运输，侦察，监视和特殊操作，因此可以根据本文介绍的无人机的飞行特性来选择具有最佳飞行机制的无人机。使用固定和旋转机翼飞行；（4）基于气体包壳的无人机，它们利用气体与外部空气（而不是机翼）之间的密度差来产生升力。根据结构特征进一步对这四种类型进行了分类，并使用特殊情况进行了描述。考虑到无人机具有多种飞行目的，例如物料运输，侦察，监视和特殊操作，因此可以根据本文介绍的无人机的飞行特性来选择具有最佳飞行机制的无人机。使用固定和旋转机翼飞行；（4）基于气体包壳的无人机，它们利用气体与外部空气（而不是机翼）之间的密度差来产生升力。根据结构特征进一步对这四种类型进行了分类，并使用特殊情况进行了描述。考虑到无人机具有多种飞行目的，例如物料运输，侦察，监视和特殊操作，因此可以根据本文介绍的无人机的飞行特性来选择具有最佳飞行机制的无人机。根据结构特征进一步对这四种类型进行了分类，并使用特殊情况进行了描述。考虑到无人机具有多种飞行目的，例如物料运输，侦察，监视和特殊操作，因此可以根据本文介绍的无人机的飞行特性来选择具有最佳飞行机制的无人机。根据结构特征进一步对这四种类型进行了分类，并使用特殊情况进行了描述。考虑到无人机具有多种飞行目的，例如物料运输，侦察，监视和特殊操作，因此可以根据本文介绍的无人机的飞行特性来选择具有最佳飞行机制的无人机。