Explosive astrophysical transients at cosmological distances can be used to place precision tests of the basic assumptions of relativity theory, such as Lorentz invariance, the photon zero-mass hypothesis, and the weak equivalence principle (WEP). Signatures of Lorentz invariance violations (LIV) include vacuum dispersion and vacuum birefringence. Sensitive searches for LIV using astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, and pulsars are discussed. The most direct consequence of a nonzero photon rest mass is a frequency dependence in the velocity of light propagating in vacuum. A detailed representation of how to obtain a combined severe limit on the photon mass using fast radio bursts at different redshifts through the dispersion method is presented. The accuracy of the WEP has been well tested based on the Shapiro time delay of astrophysical messengers traveling through a gravitational field. Some caveats of Shapiro delay tests are discussed. In this article, we review and update the status of astrophysical tests of fundamental physics.

宇宙距离处的爆炸性天体物理瞬变可用于对相对论的基本假设（例如洛伦兹不变性，光子零质量假设和弱当量原理（WEP））进行精确测试。洛伦兹不变性违反（LIV）的特征包括真空色散和真空双折射。讨论了使用天体物理学源（例如伽马射线爆发，活跃的银河核和脉冲星）对LIV的敏感搜索。非零光子静止质量的最直接后果是在真空中传播的光的速度与频率有关。给出了如何通过色散方法使用在不同红移下的快速无线电脉冲获得光子质量的组合严格极限的详细表示。WEP的准确性已根据天体信使通过引力场传播的Shapiro时间延迟进行了很好的测试。讨论了Shapiro延迟测试的一些注意事项。在本文中，我们回顾并更新了基础物理学的天体物理测试的状态。