Autonomous solutions for transportation are emerging worldwide, and one of the sectors that will benefit the most from these solutions is the public transport by shifting toward the new paradigm of Mobility as a Service (MaaS). Densely populated areas cannot afford an increase in individual transportation due to space limitation, congestion, and pollution. Working towards more effective and inclusive mobility in public areas, this paper compares user experiences of autonomous public transport across Baltic countries, with the final goal of gaining an increased insight into public needs. User experience was evaluated through questionnaires gathered along pilot projects implementing a public transportation line, using an automated electric minibus between 2018 and 2019. To have sufficient diversity in the data, the pilot projects were implemented in several cities in the Baltic Sea Area. The data analysed in this paper specifically refer to the cities of Helsinki (Finland), Tallinn (Estonia), Kongsberg (Norway), and Gdańsk (Poland). Across all cities, passengers provided remarkably positive feedback regarding personal security and safety onboard. The overall feedback, which was very positive in general, showed statistically significant differences across the groups of cities (Kongsberg, Helsinki, Tallinn and Gdansk), partially explicable by the differences in the route design. In addition, across all cities and feedback topics, males gave a lower score compared to females. The overall rating suggests that there is a demand for future last-mile automated services that could be integrated with the MaaS concept, although demand changes according to socio-economic and location-based conditions across different countries.

中文翻译：

---

跨国公共交通用户体验的比较

自主运输解决方案正在全球范围内兴起，从这些解决方案中受益最大的行业之一就是公共交通，它正朝着移动即服务（MaaS）的新范式转变。由于空间有限，拥挤和污染，人口稠密的地区无法增加个人交通量。为了在公共区域实现更有效和更具包容性的出行，本文比较了波罗的海各国在自动公共交通方面的用户体验，最终目标是对公共需求有更深入的了解。通过在实施公共交通路线的试点项目中收集的问卷调查，评估了用户体验，并在2018年至2019年之间使用了自动电动小巴。为了使数据具有足够的多样性，这些试点项目已在波罗的海地区的多个城市中实施。本文分析的数据专门针对赫尔辛基（芬兰），塔林（爱沙尼亚），孔斯贝格（挪威）和格但斯克（波兰）的城市。在所有城市中，乘客都对车上的人身安全和安全提供了非常积极的反馈。总体反馈总体上是非常积极的，但在各城市组（Kongsberg，Helsinki，Tallinn和Gdansk）之间显示出统计学上的显着差异，这在一定程度上可以归因于路线设计的差异。此外，在所有城市和反馈主题中，男性得分均低于女性。总体评级表明，未来可能会与MaaS概念集成的最后一英里自动化服务存在需求，