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First record of Phasmarhabditis sp. from eggs of Eobania vermiculata (Müller) snails in Egypt and their response to host size
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 , DOI: 10.1186/s41938-021-00389-3
Karima Mahmoud Azzam , Nema El-Abd

Gastropods are very prevalent animals. In Egypt, terrestrial snails represent important economic pests, infesting and causing severe damages to ornamental plants, orchard trees, vegetables, and field crops. The overuse of molluscicides against these destructive pests leads to more environmental pollution. Therefore, searching for biological control agents became necessary to avoid the hazard of chemical molluscicides. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, isolated from slugs was used as a bio-control agent against snails and slugs. Few investigations available on gastropod egg parasites. Therefore, the present study interested in the isolation of parasitic nematodes from the snail eggs to study their possible role as biological control agents for gastropod pests. This is the first record to isolate the snail parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis sp., from eggs of the Egyptian terrestrial snail, Eobania vermiculata (Müller). Infectivity of this nematode was investigated for eggs, juvenile and mature snails, E. vermiculata and Limax flavus L. slugs, and also eggs of the non-local species, Achatina fulica Bowdich and one adult of it was only available. The investigation revealed a capability of the isolated nematode to infect and kill E. vermiculata snail, L. flavus slugs, and their eggs. Also, it could infect and kill the eggs of non-local snail species, A. fulica, and its only individual adult available which was obtained from an agricultural quarantine sample. The results indicated also that released individuals of the nematodes, recovered from snails, were significantly larger in size than those recovered from eggs and vice versa. It could be concluded that the isolated parasitic nematode may be able to play a role in controlling different stages of the gastropods including eggs. This make the control more effective in protecting host plants before the pest causing damage. The nematode was more effective on local pest species than non-local species. Moreover, the size of the parasite was proportional with the size of the host pest.

中文翻译:

Phasmarhabditis sp。的第一记录。埃及Eobania vermiculata(Müller)蜗牛卵的生长及其对寄主大小的响应

腹足动物是非常普遍的动物。在埃及,蜗牛是重要的经济害虫,出没在里面,对观赏植物,果园树木,蔬菜和大田作物造成了严重破坏。对这些破坏性害虫过度使用杀软体动物剂会导致更多的环境污染。因此,寻找生物防治剂成为避免化学杀软体动物剂的危害变得必要。从中分离出的雌性Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita被用作针对蜗牛和的生物防治剂。对腹足动物卵寄生虫的研究很少。因此,本研究有兴趣从蜗牛卵中分离寄生线虫,以研究其作为腹足纲害虫生物防治剂的可能作用。这是分离出蜗牛寄生线虫Phasmarhabditis sp。的第一条记录,埃及陆地蜗牛卵(Eübaniavermiculata(Müller))的卵中提取。研究了该线虫对卵,幼小和成熟的蜗牛,E线虫和黄顶Li的L的感染性,并且还只发现了非本地种类的卵,Achatina fulica Bowdich和其中一个成虫的卵。调查表明,分离出的线虫具有感染和杀死ver螺,黄萎L和它们的卵的能力。而且,它还可以感染和杀死非本地蜗牛物种的卵,并从农业检疫样本中获得其唯一的成年成虫。结果还表明,从蜗牛中回收的线虫的释放个体的大小明显大于从卵中回收的个体,反之亦然。可以得出结论,孤立的寄生线虫可能能够在控制腹足纲动物的不同阶段(包括卵)中发挥作用。这使该控制措施在有害生物造成损害之前更有效地保护寄主植物。线虫对本地害虫种类比非本地种类更有效。此外,寄生虫的大小与宿主害虫的大小成正比。
更新日期:2021-03-08
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