This paper argues that a long view perspective of contemporary sectarianism between Sunni and Shia Islam in the Middle East could be read on the background of earlier forms of sectarianism going back to the 19^th and 20^th century history of the region. Such an approach would disentangle sectarianism from primordial narratives as an intrinsic problem of Islam going back to the early schism of the 7^th century and place it in social formations and social practices, and link it to the emergence of sectarianism during the Ottoman age of reforms. It would explicit arguments that link sectarianism with modernism, discussing how the emergence of modern, secular institutions that were based in early‐modern millet system led to sects and sectarianism. The outcome of this approach is conceptualization of sect and sectarianism, its categorization, and confronting it with other modern narratives of the history of the Middle East.

中文翻译：

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在中东构筑宗派主义

本文认为，在中东地区逊尼派和什叶派之间的宗派当代的长远角度来看可能对要回19早期形式的宗派主义的背景阅读^日和20^日该地区的世纪的历史。这种做法将解开原始从叙事宗派主义伊斯兰教的可以追溯到7的早期分裂的内在问题^日世纪，并将其置于社会形态和社会实践中，并将其与奥斯曼帝国时代的宗派主义的兴起联系起来。它将明确地将宗派主义与现代主义联系起来的论据，讨论建立在早期现代小米体系中的现代世俗制度如何导致宗派主义和宗派主义。这种方法的结果是宗派主义和宗派主义的概念化，其分类，并将其与中东历史的其他现代叙事相面对。