Speech perception in noise is a cognitively demanding process that challenges not only the auditory sensory system, but also cognitive networks involved in attention. The predictive coding theory has been influential in characterizing the influence of prior context on processing incoming auditory stimuli, with comparatively less research dedicated to “postdictive” processes and subsequent context effects on speech perception. Effects of subsequent semantic context were evaluated while manipulating the relationship of three target words presented in noise and the temporal position of targets compared to the subsequent contextual cue, demonstrating that subsequent context benefits were present regardless of whether the targets were related to each other and did not depend on the position of the target. However, participants instructed to focus on the relation between target and cue performed worse than those who did not receive this instruction, suggesting a disruption of a natural process of continuous speech recognition. We discuss these findings in relation to lexical commitment and stimulus-driven attention to short-term memory as mechanisms of subsequent context integration.

噪声中的语音感知是一个对认知要求很高的过程，不仅挑战听觉感觉系统，而且挑战涉及注意力的认知网络。预测编码理论在表征先前上下文对处理传入听觉刺激的影响方面具有影响力，相对较少的研究致力于“后预测”过程和随后的上下文对语音感知的影响。评估后续语义上下文的影响，同时操纵噪声中呈现的三个目标词的关系以及目标与后续上下文线索相比的时间位置，证明无论目标是否彼此相关并且确实存在后续上下文优势不依赖于目标的位置。然而，被指示关注目标和提示之间关系的参与者比没有接受该指示的参与者表现更差，这表明连续语音识别的自然过程被破坏。我们将这些发现与词汇承诺和刺激驱动的短期记忆注意作为后续上下文整合的机制进行了讨论。