ABSTRACT

Natural forests were increasingly replaced by plantations globally. While plantations support less biodiversity compared to natural forests, they can serve as an important habitat for forest-dependent species. Understanding the key drivers of the habitat function of plantations is necessary to reconcile both forestry and biodiversity. Planted tree species is one of the important factors determining biodiversity of plantations. Here, we systematically collected studies comparing the biodiversity between conifer plantations and natural forests, and conducted meta-analyses to quantify the effects of planted tree family/species (cypress family: Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica, Hinoki cypress Chamaecyparis obtuse; pine family: Japanese larch Larix kaempferi, Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora, Todo fir Abies sachalinensis) on abundance and species richness of a wide range of taxa (all taxa, vertebrates, birds, invertebrates, terrestrial arthropods, plants, and understorey plants) in plantations in Japan. Abundance and species richness in plantations relative to natural forests differed among planted tree family/species. In plantations of pine family (mainly larch), abundance or richness did not significantly differ from those in natural forests for many taxa, suggesting the important role as habitats. By contrast, in cypress family (mainly cedar), abundance or richness was significantly lower than in natural forests for all analysis groups except understorey abundance. These results indicate that the habitat function of plantations and its management should be considered for each planted tree species, separately. Nevertheless, since our literature review identifies some research gaps, e.g. studies on vertebrates in western Japan were scarce, more comprehensive research efforts should be made in the future.

摘要

在全球范围内，天然林逐渐被人工林所取代。与人工林相比，人工林支持的生物多样性较少，但它们可以作为依赖森林的物种的重要栖息地。必须了解人工林的栖息地功能的主要驱动力，才能兼顾林业和生物多样性。人工林是决定人工林生物多样性的重要因素之一。在这里，我们系统地收集研究，比较针叶树人工林和天然林，并进行了荟萃分析的生物多样性量化植树家庭/物种的影响（柏家：日本雪松柳杉，扁柏扁柏扁柏;松科：日本落叶松落叶松，赤松赤松，待办事项冷杉冷杉红景天）有关日本人工林中各种分类单元（所有分类单元，脊椎动物，鸟类，无脊椎动物，陆生节肢动物，植物和林下植物）的丰度和物种丰富度的信息。人工林相对于天然林的丰度和物种丰富度在人工林中有所不同。在许多家庭中，在松树家庭（主要是落叶松）的人工林中，其丰度或丰富度与天然林中的丰度或丰富度没有显着差异，这表明其作为生境的重要作用。相比之下，在柏树科（主要是雪松）中，除下层丰度外，所有分析组的丰度或丰度均显着低于天然林。这些结果表明，应分别考虑每种种植的树种的人工林生境功能及其管理。尽管如此，