Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), associated with hydroxyapatite (HA), is a hybrid scaffold that shows promise for use in bone tissue engineering, owing to its osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties. The hybrid material, constituted of organic and inorganic phases, can be produced by in situ or ex situ routes via three main processes: biomimetic, immersion cycles, and chemical precipitation. This composite has exceptional properties, such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, conformability, and elasticity, due to the synergetic effect of both phases compared to the single phase. Recent studies have reported on the usefulness of this composite with regard to the adhesion, proliferation, and migration of bone cells for bone healing. The purpose of this review is to report on the state of the art of BC/HA as a hybrid membrane, presenting its synthesis process, the major properties of the single organic and inorganic phases, and their combination, as well as characterization methods, and pre-clinical and clinical studies of bone repair. We also highlight recent progress in the development of multiphasic systems (biopolymers, nanostructures, and factor growth), focusing on the addition of metal cations to improve functionality (particularly strontium).

摘要

与羟基磷灰石 (HA) 相关的细菌纤维素 (BC) 是一种混合支架，由于其骨传导、骨诱导和成骨特性，在骨组织工程中显示出应用前景。由有机相和无机相构成的杂化材料可以通过原位或非原位生产路线通过三个主要过程：仿生、浸入循环和化学沉淀。与单相相比，由于两相的协同作用，这种复合材料具有特殊的特性，例如生物相容性、机械强度、顺应性和弹性。最近的研究报告了这种复合材料在骨细胞粘附、增殖和迁移方面对骨愈合的有用性。本综述的目的是报告 BC/HA 作为混合膜的最新技术水平，介绍其合成过程、单一有机和无机相的主要特性及其组合，以及表征方法，以及骨修复的临床前和临床研究。我们还强调了多相系统（生物聚合物、纳米结构、