Purpose

Robust experimental data for performing validation of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations of the transport of deformable solid bodies in internal flow are currently lacking. This in vitro experimental study characterizes the clot trapping efficiency of a new generic conical-type inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in a rigid anatomical model of the IVC with carefully characterized test conditions, fluid rheological properties, and clot mechanical properties.

Methods

Various sizes of spherical and cylindrical clots made of synthetic materials (nylon and polyacrylamide gel) and bovine blood are serially injected into the anatomical IVC model under worst-case exercise flow conditions. Clot trapping efficiencies and their uncertainties are then quantified for each combination of clot shape, size, and material.

Results

Experiments reveal the clot trapping efficiency increases with increasing clot diameter and length, with trapping efficiencies ranging from as low as approximately 42% for small 3.2 mm diameter spherical clots up to 100% for larger clot sizes. Because of the asymmetry of the anatomical IVC model, the data also reveal the iliac vein of clot origin influences the clot trapping efficiency, with the trapping efficiency for clots injected into the left iliac vein up to a factor of 7.5 times greater than that for clots injected into the right iliac (trapping efficiencies of approximately 10% versus 75%, respectively).

Conclusion

Overall, this data set provides a benchmark for validating simulations predicting IVC filter clot trapping efficiency and, more generally, low-Reynolds number FSI modeling.

中文翻译：

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解剖模型中 FDA 通用下腔静脉过滤器的体外凝块捕获效率：实验性流体-结构相互作用基准

目的

目前缺乏用于验证内部流动中可变形固体传输的流固耦合 (FSI) 模拟的可靠实验数据。这项体外实验研究表征了新型通用锥形下腔静脉 (IVC) 过滤器在 IVC 的刚性解剖模型中的凝块捕获效率，并具有仔细表征的测试条件、流体流变学特性和凝块机械特性。

方法

在最坏的运动流量条件下，由合成材料（尼龙和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶）和牛血制成的各种尺寸的球形和圆柱形凝块被连续注入解剖 IVC 模型中。然后针对凝块形状、大小和材料的每种组合对凝块捕获效率及其不确定性进行量化。

结果

实验表明，血凝块捕获效率随着血块直径和长度的增加而增加，捕获效率从直径为 3.2 毫米的小球形血块的低至约 42% 到更大的血块尺寸的 100% 不等。由于解剖IVC模型的不对称性，数据还揭示了凝块起源的髂静脉影响凝块捕获效率，注入左髂静脉的凝块的捕获效率比凝块高7.5倍注射到右侧髂骨（诱捕效率分别约为 10% 和 75%）。

结论

总体而言，该数据集为验证预测 IVC 过滤器凝块捕获效率的模拟以及更一般的低雷诺数 FSI 建模提供了基准。