ABSTRACT

Migration control and its enforcement represent a specific policy field, defined by the state’s authorisation to use coercive regulation against migrants with precarious legal status, including forceful deportation. While the analysis of deportation as a ‘technology of citizenship’ has been developed historically, politically and, from the perspective of migrants, this work advances an ethnographic study of migration enforcement agencies in Switzerland, Germany and Sweden with a focus on street-level understandings of unannounced deportation procedures. As argued, unannounced deportations are at the very end of the coercive continuum, used to increase the deportability of migrant individuals or rather their ‘willingness’. The analysed data advances three particular street-level understandings regarding the use of the practice: First, state agents understand unannounced deportations as caused by the migrants’ alleged noncompliant behaviour, underlining migrants’ responsibility for bringing the procedure upon themselves and therefore allowing bureaucrats to use force. Second, agents understand their work as humane, using the nondisclosure of removal dates as a practice that keeps respective deportees ‘safe’. Thirdly, an underlying pragmatism exists, based on the need to implement ‘law and order’, with a disruptive effect for migrant individuals. States thus construct boundaries of belonging through deportation, legitimised by state agents’ reflections.

摘要

移民控制及其执行代表了一个特定的政策领域，由国家授权对法律地位不稳定的移民（包括强制驱逐出境）使用强制性法规来定义。虽然将驱逐作为“公民技术”的分析在历史上、政治上以及从移民的角度发展起来，但这项工作推进了对瑞士、德国和瑞典移民执法机构的人种学研究，重点是街道层面的理解的突击驱逐出境程序。如前所述，未经宣布的驱逐处于强制连续体的最后阶段，用于增加移民个人的驱逐能力，或者更确切地说是他们的“意愿”。分析的数据推进了关于使用这种做法的三个特定街道层面的理解：首先，国家特工将未经通知的驱逐出境理解为由移民所谓的不合规行为引起，强调移民有责任将程序推到自己身上，因此允许官僚使用力量。其次，特工理解他们的工作是人道的，将不披露遣返日期作为一种做法，以确保各自的被驱逐者“安全”。第三，基于实施“法律和秩序”的需要，存在潜在的实用主义，对移民个人产生破坏性影响。