There have been conflicting findings about whether mandatory versus voluntary training leads to more positive training outcomes. We propose moving away from a dichotomous distinction to a more dynamic participation approach to better elucidate theoretical differences relating to self-determination theory. A sample of 311 trainees from eight companies participated in a variety of open skill (e.g., leadership) training programs. Results indicated that higher levels of voluntary participation were positively related to trainees' transfer motivation and training transfer. We also found that the level of voluntary participation moderates the relationship between supervisor support and both motivation to transfer and training transfer. Supervisor support facilitates trainee motivation and transfer to a larger extent when participation is less voluntary. Future training should be framed and promoted to increase employee motivation to voluntarily participate, especially for employees with less supervisor support.

中文翻译：

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自愿参与水平和主管支持对学员动机和转移的相互作用

关于强制性培训与自愿培训是否会导致更积极的培训结果，存在相互矛盾的发现。我们建议从二分法的区别转向更动态的参与方法，以更好地阐明与自决理论相关的理论差异。来自八家公司的 311 名学员参加了各种开放技能（例如，领导力）培训计划。结果表明，较高程度的自愿参与与受训者的转学动机和培训转学正相关。我们还发现，自愿参与的水平调节了主管支持与调动和培训调动之间的关系。当参与的自愿性较低时，主管支持在更大程度上促进了受训人员的激励和转移。应制定和促进未来的培训，以增加员工自愿参与的积极性，尤其是对于主管支持较少的员工。