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The syntax and semantics of Swedish copular sentences: a comparative perspective
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics ( IF 0.813 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s10828-020-09121-1
Kajsa Djärv

This paper investigates the (recent) case alternation in Swedish equative and predicational copular sentences (‘Cicero is Tully’, ‘Cicero is a nice guy’). A central contribution of the paper is showing that this alternation is an LF-phenomenon, contra Sigurðsson (in: Hartmann, Molnárfi (eds) Comparative studies in Germanic syntax: from Afrikaans to Zurich German. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2006) who conjectures that Swedish is changing in the direction of English and Danish, where all postcopular DPs receive Accusative case, regardless of interpretation. The Swedish alternation is shown to track the same semantic dimension that conditions the choice of predicate case in languages like Polish, Russian and Dutch, namely the distinction between stage and individual level predication. Interestingly, the Swedish alternation is also shown to share distributional properties with the predicate case alternations in these languages. To account for these observations, I propose that the morphological and semantic contrasts between the two alternants are mediated by a structural difference, such that Nominative case involves a biclausal structure, and Accusative a monoclausal structure. This paper further adds to the typological picture, showing that Swedish patterns like Polish, Russian and Dutch, but unlike English and Danish, not just in terms of equative and predicational sentences, but also in specificational copular sentences (‘The fastest runner here is Lisa’). I argue that a particular kind of predicate inversion analysis is required to account for the Swedish type of specification.



中文翻译:

瑞典语系句的句法和语义:比较视角

本文研究了瑞典语中的等式和谓语复句(“ Cicero是Tully”,“ Cicero是一个好人”)中的(最近)案例交替。该论文的主要贡献在于,这种交替是LF现象,与Sigurðsson相对(见:Hartmann,Molnárfi(编))日耳曼语语法的比较研究:从南非荷兰语到苏黎世德语。约翰·本杰明斯出版公司,阿姆斯特丹,2006年推测瑞典人正在朝着英语和丹麦语的方向变化,无论翻译如何,所有后copDP都将接受“指责”案。瑞典语交替表现出相同的语义维度,该语义维度决定了波兰语,俄语和荷兰语等语言中谓语大小写的选择,即阶段谓语和个人级别谓语之间的区别。有趣的是,在这些语言中,瑞典语交替也与谓词大小写交替共享分布特性。为了解释这些观察,我建议两个交替词之间的形态和语义对比是通过结构差异来介导的,从而使主格涉及双小脑结构,而宾格则涉及单子句结构。本文还进一步说明了这种类型,显示了瑞典语模式,例如波兰语,俄语和荷兰语,但与英语和丹麦语不同,不仅在等式和谓语句子方面,而且在规范性的句型句子方面(“最快的人是Lisa ')。我认为,需要特殊类型的谓词反演分析才能说明瑞典式的规范。

更新日期:2021-03-07
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