This study aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of respiratory co-infections in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this retrospective observational study, pathogens responsible for potential co-infections were detected by the bacterial culture, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), or serological fungal antigen tests. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as microbial results, were analyzed. Bacterial culture identified 56 (58.3%) positive samples for respiratory pathogens, with the most common bacteria being Burkholderia cepacia (18, 18.8%). RT-PCR detected 38 (76.0%) and 58 (87.9%) positive results in the severe and critical groups, respectively. Most common pathogens detected were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (28.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.0%) in the severe group and S. maltophilia (45.5%) in the critical group. P. aeruginosa was detected more during the early stage after ICU admission. Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus were more frequently identified during late ICU admission. Fungal serum antigens were more frequently positive in the critical group than in the severe group, and the positive rate of fungal serum antigens frequency increased with prolonged ICU stay. A high frequency of respiratory co-infections presented in ICU COVID-19 patients. Careful examinations and necessary tests should be performed to exclude these co-infections.

本研究旨在调查重症监护病房 (ICU) 中 COVID-19 患者呼吸道合并感染的频率和特征。在这项回顾性观察性研究中，通过细菌培养、实时聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 或血清真菌抗原测试检测了导致潜在合并感染的病原体。分析了人口统计学和临床​​特征以及微生物结果。细菌培养鉴定出 56 份 (58.3%) 呼吸道病原体阳性样本，最常见的细菌是洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(18, 18.8%)。RT-PCR 在重症和危重症组中分别检测到 38 (76.0%) 和 58 (87.9%) 个阳性结果。检测到的最常见病原体是嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(28.0%) 和严重组中铜绿假单胞菌(28.0%) 和危重组中嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(45.5%)。入住ICU后早期发现铜绿假单胞菌较多。鲍曼不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在入住 ICU 晚期时更常被发现。重症组真菌血清抗原阳性率高于重症组，且真菌血清抗原阳性率随ICU停留时间延长而升高。ICU COVID-19 患者出现高频率的呼吸道合并感染。应进行仔细检查和必要的测试以排除这些合并感染。