Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent leakage of lysosomal hydrolases into the cytosol are considered as the major hallmarks of evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent cell death. Contradicting this postulate, new sensitive methods that can detect a minimal lysosomal membrane damage have demonstrated that lysosomal leakage does not necessarily equal cell death. Notably, cells are not only able to survive minor lysosomal membrane permeabilization, but some of their normal functions actually depend on leaked lysosomal hydrolases. Here we discuss emerging data suggesting that spatially and temporally controlled lysosomal leakage delivers lysosomal hydrolases to specific subcellular sites of action and controls at least three essential cellular processes, namely mitotic chromosome segregation, inflammatory signaling, and cellular motility.

溶酶体膜透化和随后溶酶体水解酶泄漏到细胞质中被认为是进化上保守的溶酶体依赖性细胞死亡的主要标志。与这一假设相反，可以检测最小溶酶体膜损伤的新敏感方法已经证明溶酶体泄漏并不一定等于细胞死亡。值得注意的是，细胞不仅能够在轻微的溶酶体膜透化作用下存活，而且它们的一些正常功能实际上依赖于泄漏的溶酶体水解酶。在这里，我们讨论了新出现的数据，这些数据表明时空控制的溶酶体泄漏将溶酶体水解酶传递到特定的亚细胞作用位点，并控制至少三个基本的细胞过程，即有丝分裂染色体分离、炎症信号传导、