In this discussion piece, eight scholars in geography, urban planning, and agri-food studies from the United States (US) and France engage in a bi-national comparison to deepen our collective understanding of food and land justice. We specifically contextualize land justice as a critical component of food justice in both the US and France in three key areas: access to land for cultivation, urban agriculture, and non-agricultural forms of food provisioning. The US and France are interesting cases to compare, considering the differences and similarities in their colonial and agricultural histories, persistent and systemic race and class-based inequities in land access, and the roles of public bodies and social movements. In this paper, we synthesize literature, share reflections, and offer directions for future scholarship, including a broader comparative research agenda. An important difference we found is in the degree of scholarly attention to race and how it mediates access to land. We also observe that few scholars articulate a clear definition of justice in their work, nor do they share a common justice framework. We hope that this paper contributes to a more robust food and land justice framework for the use of scholars, practitioners and activists.

在这篇讨论文章中，来自美国和法国的八位地理、城市规划和农业食品研究学者进行了双边比较，以加深我们对食品和土地正义的集体理解。我们特别将土地正义作为美国和法国在三个关键领域的粮食正义的一个重要组成部分：获得耕地、都市农业和非农业形式的粮食供应。考虑到美国和法国在殖民和农业历史上的异同、持续和系统性的种族和基于阶级的土地获取不公平，以及公共机构和社会运动的作用，美国和法国是比较有趣的案例。在本文中，我们综合文献，分享反思，并为未来的学术研究提供方向，包括更广泛的比较研究议程。我们发现的一个重要区别在于学术对种族的关注程度以及它如何调节获得土地的途径。我们还观察到，很少有学者在他们的工作中清晰地定义了正义，他们也没有共享一个共同的正义框架。我们希望本文能为学者、从业者和活动家使用的更强大的粮食和土地正义框架做出贡献。