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Biodegradable/Bio-plastics: Myths and Realities
Journal of Polymers and the Environment ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02099-1
Vishal Goel , Priyanka Luthra , Gurpreet S. Kapur , S. S. V. Ramakumar

The plastics industry is proliferating continuously and the global plastics production in 2018 has reached around 360 million tones. This has further compounded the problem of waste plastics, which if not appropriately disposed cause serious environmental problems like land pollution, marine pollution and water source pollution. As an alternative, there has been a paradigm shift from substituting synthetic plastics i.e. fossil-based to bioplastics. However, the world of bioplastics is riddled with many problems as the current terminology used around such bioplastics is confusing and general public is not provided with reliable information about the true biodegradability/compostability of the products. As a result, "greenwashing" is on the rise, with brands even making spurious claims about the environmental benefits of their products. This review article scans the world of biodegradable/bioplastics, major players and production capacities, their current status with respect to production and application. The commercial biopolymers available in the market and their technology have been also discussed in detail. The article also reviews various technologies like enzyme-based technology and oxo-degradable technology being propagated as a tool to convert conventional plastics like PE/PP/PET etc. to a biodegradable plastic. Further, various issues with oxo-based technology and enzyme-based technology have been compiled. Besides, various standards, test methods (ASTM/ISO) related to testing, specifications of biodegradable plastics, their scope/limitations and potential misuse have been covered. Further, the review article discusses the limitation of the various standards and why changes in the standards are required. The article tries to focus on various myths & realities of biodegradable/bioplastics and the challenges and expectations of the real world.



中文翻译:

可生物降解/生物塑料:神话与现实

塑料行业正在持续激增,2018年全球塑料产量已达到约3.6亿吨。这进一步加剧了废塑料的问题,如果处理不当,则会导致严重的环境问题,例如土地污染,海洋污染和水源污染。作为替代方案,已经发生了从代替合成塑料即基于化石的塑料向生物塑料的转变。但是,生物塑料领域充满了许多问题,因为围绕此类生物塑料使用的当前术语令人困惑,并且没有向公众提供有关产品真正生物降解性/可降解性的可靠信息。结果,“绿色清洗”正在兴起,品牌甚至对其产品的环境效益提出虚假主张。这篇评论文章分析了可生物降解/生物塑料的世界,主要参与者和生产能力,以及它们在生产和应用方面的当前状况。还详细讨论了市场上可买到的商业生物聚合物及其技术。这篇文章还回顾了各种技术,例如基于酶的技术和可氧降解的技术,这些技术正在传播,可以将传统的塑料(例如PE / PP / PET等)转化为可生物降解的塑料。此外,已经整理了基于氧代的技术和基于酶的技术的各种问题。此外,还涵盖了与测试有关的各种标准,测试方法(ASTM / ISO),可生物降解塑料的规格,它们的范围/局限性和潜在的误用。进一步,这篇综述文章讨论了各种标准的局限性以及为何需要对标准进行更改。本文尝试着重于生物可降解/生物塑料的各种神话和现实,以及现实世界的挑战和期望。

更新日期:2021-03-07
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