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Combining explainable machine learning, demographic and multi-omic data to identify precision medicine strategies for inflammatory bowel disease
medRxiv - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2021-03-05 , DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.03.21252821
Laura-Jayne Gardiner , Anna Paola Carrieri , Karen Bingham , Graeme Macluskie , David Bunton , Marian McNeil , Edward O. Pyzer-Knapp

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, affect several million individuals worldwide. These diseases are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological and genetic levels and result from a complex interaction between the host and environmental factors. Investigating drug efficacy in cultured human fresh IBD tissues can improve our understanding of the reasons why certain medications are more or less effective for different patients. We propose an explainable machine learning (ML) approach that combines bioinformatics and domain insight, to informatively integrate multi-modal data to predict inter-patient specific variation in drug response. Using explanation of our models, we interpret the models' predictions inferring unique combinations of important features associated with human tissue pharmacological responses. The inferred multi-modal features originate from multi-omic data (genomic and transcriptomic), demographic, medicinal and pharmacological data and all are associated with drug efficacy generated by a preclinical human fresh IBD tissue assay. To pharmacologically assess patient variation in response to IBD treatment, we used the reduction in the release of the inflammatory cytokine TNFa; from the fresh IBD tissues in the presence or absence of test drugs, as a measure of drug efficacy. The TNF pathway is a common target in current therapies for IBD; we initially explored the effects of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor on the production of TNFa; however, we later show the approach can be applied to other targets, test drugs or mechanisms of interest. Our best model was able to predict TNFa; levels from a combination of integrated demographic, medicinal and genomic features with an error as low as 4.98% on unseen patients. We incorporated transcriptomic data to validate and expand insights from genomic features. Our results showed variations in drug effectiveness between patients that differed in gender, age or condition and linked new genetic polymorphisms in our cohort of IBD patients to variation in response to the anti-inflammatory treatment BIRB796 (Doramapimod). Our approach models drug response in a relevant human tissue model of IBD while also identifying its most predictive features as part of a transparent ML-based precision medicine strategy.

中文翻译:

结合可解释的机器学习,人口统计数据和多组学数据,以确定炎症性肠病的精确医学策略

包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病在内的炎症性肠病(IBDs)影响全球数百万人。这些疾病在临床,免疫学和遗传学水平上是异质的,是由宿主和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用导致的。在培养的人新鲜IBD组织中研究药物疗效可以改善我们对某些药物对不同患者有效的原因的理解。我们提出了一种可解释性的机器学习(ML)方法,该方法结合了生物信息学和领域洞察力,以信息方式整合多模式数据,以预测患者之间药物反应的具体差异。通过对模型的解释,我们可以解释模型的 预测推断出与人体组织药理反应相关的重要特征的独特组合。推断的多峰特征源自多组学数据(基因组和转录组学),人口统计学,医学和药理学数据,所有这些均与临床前人类新鲜IBD组织测定法产生的药物疗效相关。为了从药理学角度评估患者对IBD治疗的反应差异,我们采用了减少炎症细胞因子TNFa释放的方法。在存在或不存在测试药物的情况下,从新鲜IBD组织中提取,作为药物功效的量度。TNF途径是当前IBD疗法中的常见靶标。我们最初探讨了有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)抑制剂对TNFa产生的影响;但是,我们稍后将展示该方法可以应用于其他目标,测试感兴趣的药物或机制。我们最好的模型能够预测TNFa。结合了人口统计学,医学和基因组特征,对看不见的患者的误差低至4.98%。我们纳入了转录组数据,以验证和扩展来自基因组特征的见解。我们的研究结果表明,性别,年龄或病情不同的患者之间的药物疗效差异很大,并将我们IBD患者队列中的新遗传多态性与抗炎药BIRB796(Doramapimod)的响应相关联。我们的方法在IBD的相关人体组织模型中对药物反应进行建模,同时还将其最具预测性的特征确定为基于ML的透明精确药物策略的一部分。结合了人口统计学,医学和基因组特征,对看不见的患者的误差低至4.98%。我们纳入了转录组数据,以验证和扩展来自基因组特征的见解。我们的研究结果表明,性别,年龄或病情不同的患者之间的药物疗效差异很大,并将我们IBD患者队列中的新遗传多态性与抗炎药BIRB796(Doramapimod)的响应相关联。我们的方法在IBD的相关人体组织模型中对药物反应进行建模,同时还将其最具预测性的特征确定为基于ML的透明精确药物策略的一部分。结合了人口统计学,医学和基因组特征,对看不见的患者的误差低至4.98%。我们纳入了转录组数据,以验证和扩展来自基因组特征的见解。我们的研究结果表明,性别,年龄或病情不同的患者之间的药物疗效差异很大,并将我们IBD患者队列中的新遗传多态性与抗炎药BIRB796(Doramapimod)的响应相关联。我们的方法在IBD的相关人体组织模型中对药物反应进行建模,同时还将其最具预测性的特征确定为基于ML的透明精确药物策略的一部分。我们纳入了转录组数据,以验证和扩展来自基因组特征的见解。我们的研究结果表明,性别,年龄或病情不同的患者之间的药物疗效差异很大,并将我们IBD患者队列中的新遗传多态性与抗炎药BIRB796(Doramapimod)的响应相关联。我们的方法在IBD的相关人体组织模型中对药物反应进行建模,同时还将其最具预测性的特征确定为基于ML的透明精确药物策略的一部分。我们纳入了转录组数据,以验证和扩展来自基因组特征的见解。我们的研究结果表明,性别,年龄或病情不同的患者之间的药物疗效差异很大,并将我们IBD患者队列中的新遗传多态性与抗炎药BIRB796(Doramapimod)的响应相关联。我们的方法在IBD的相关人体组织模型中对药物反应进行建模,同时还将其最具预测性的特征确定为基于ML的透明精确药物策略的一部分。
更新日期:2021-03-05
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