Objectives: Sleep disturbance is often associated with migraine. However, there is a paucity of research investigating objective and subjective measures of sleep in migraineurs. This meta-analysis aims to determine whether there are differences in subjective sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objective sleep physiology measured using polysomnography between adult and pediatric migraineurs, and healthy controls. Methods: A systematic search of five databases was conducted to find case-controlled studies which measured polysomnography and/or PSQI in migraineurs. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) were entered into a random effects model meta-analysis. Results: 32 separate studies were eligible. Overall, adult migraineurs had higher PSQI scores than healthy controls (g = 0.75, p < .001). This effect was larger in chronic than episodic migraineurs (g = 1.03, p < .001, g = 0.63, p < .001 respectively). For polysomnographic studies, adult and pediatric migraineurs displayed a lower percentage of REM sleep (g = -0.22, p = 0.017, g = -0.71, p = 0.025 respectively) than healthy controls. Pediatric migraineurs also displayed less total sleep time (g = -1.37, p = 0.039), more wake (g = 0.52, p < .001) and shorter sleep onset latency (g = -0.37, p < .001) than healthy controls. Conclusion: Migraineurs have significantly poorer subjective sleep quality, and altered sleep compared to healthy individuals - a finding which is particularly evident in children. This has implications for developing appropriate treatments. Further longitudinal empirical studies are required to enhance our understanding of this relationship.

中文翻译：

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偏头痛患者的主观睡眠质量和客观睡眠生理：一项荟萃分析

目的：睡眠障碍通常与偏头痛有关。但是，对于偏头痛者睡眠的客观和主观测量方法的研究很少。这项荟萃分析旨在确定在成年和小儿偏头痛患者和健康对照者之间，使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）测量的主观睡眠质量和使用多导睡眠图测量的客观睡眠生理学是否存在差异。方法：对五个数据库进行系统搜索，以找到对偏头痛患者进行多导睡眠监测和/或PSQI测量的病例对照研究。效应大小（Hedges'g）被输入到随机效应模型的荟萃分析中。结果：32项独立研究符合条件。总体而言，成年偏头痛患者的PSQI得分高于健康对照组（g = 0.75，p <.001）。与慢性偏头痛患者相比，这种影响在慢性患者中更大（分别为g = 1.03，p <.001，g = 0.63，p <.001）。对于多导睡眠监测研究，成年和小儿偏头痛患者的REM睡眠百分比（g = -0.22，p = 0.017，g = -0.71，p = 0.025）均低于健康对照组。与健康对照组相比，小儿偏头痛的总睡眠时间也更短（g = -1.37，p = 0.039），更多的唤醒时间（g = 0.52，p <.001）和较短的睡眠发作潜伏期（g = -0.37，p <.001）。 。结论：与健康个体相比，偏头痛患者的主观睡眠质量明显较差，并且睡眠发生了改变-这一发现在儿童中尤为明显。这对开发适当的治疗方法有影响。需要进一步的纵向经验研究，以增进我们对这种关系的理解。