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Weisfeiler and Lehman Go Topological: Message Passing Simplicial Networks
arXiv - CS - Machine Learning Pub Date : 2021-03-04 , DOI: arxiv-2103.03212
Cristian Bodnar, Fabrizio Frasca, Yu Guang Wang, Nina Otter, Guido Montúfar, Pietro Liò, Michael Bronstein

The pairwise interaction paradigm of graph machine learning has predominantly governed the modelling of relational systems. However, graphs alone cannot capture the multi-level interactions present in many complex systems and the expressive power of such schemes was proven to be limited. To overcome these limitations, we propose Message Passing Simplicial Networks (MPSNs), a class of models that perform message passing on simplicial complexes (SCs) - topological objects generalising graphs to higher dimensions. To theoretically analyse the expressivity of our model we introduce a Simplicial Weisfeiler-Lehman (SWL) colouring procedure for distinguishing non-isomorphic SCs. We relate the power of SWL to the problem of distinguishing non-isomorphic graphs and show that SWL and MPSNs are strictly more powerful than the WL test and not less powerful than the 3-WL test. We deepen the analysis by comparing our model with traditional graph neural networks with ReLU activations in terms of the number of linear regions of the functions they can represent. We empirically support our theoretical claims by showing that MPSNs can distinguish challenging strongly regular graphs for which GNNs fail and, when equipped with orientation equivariant layers, they can improve classification accuracy in oriented SCs compared to a GNN baseline. Additionally, we implement a library for message passing on simplicial complexes that we envision to release in due course.

中文翻译:

Weisfeiler和Lehman进入拓扑:消息传递简单网络

图机器学习的成对交互范例主要控制着关系系统的建模。但是,仅凭图不能捕获许多复杂系统中存在的多级交互,并且这种方案的表达能力被证明是有限的。为了克服这些限制,我们提出了消息传递简单网络(MPSN),这是一类对简单复合体(SC)执行消息传递的模型-拓扑对象将图形推广到更高的维度。为了从理论上分析我们模型的表现力,我们引入了一个简单的Weisfeiler-Lehman(SWL)着色过程来区分非同构SC。我们将SWL的功能与区分非同构图的问题联系起来,并显示SWL和MPSN严格比WL测试更强大,并且不比3-WL测试更强大。我们通过将我们的模型与具有ReLU激活的传统图神经网络进行比较,从而深化了分析,它们可以代表函数的线性区域数量。通过显示MPSN可以区分GNN失败的具有挑战性的强规则图,并通过配备方向等变层,与MPN基线相比,它们可以提高定向SC的分类准确性,从而从经验上支持我们的理论主张。此外,我们实现了一个用于在简单复合体上传递消息的库,我们计划在适当的时候发布该复合体。我们通过将我们的模型与具有ReLU激活的传统图神经网络进行比较,从而深化了分析,它们可以代表函数的线性区域数量。通过显示MPSN可以区分GNN失败的具有挑战性的强规则图,并通过配备方向等变层,与MPN基线相比,它们可以提高定向SC的分类准确性,从而从经验上支持我们的理论主张。此外,我们实现了一个用于在简单复合体上传递消息的库,我们计划在适当的时候发布该复合体。我们通过将我们的模型与具有ReLU激活的传统图神经网络进行比较,从而深化了分析,它们可以代表函数的线性区域数量。通过显示MPSN可以区分GNN失败的具有挑战性的强规则图,并通过配备方向等变层,与MPN基线相比,它们可以提高定向SC的分类准确性,从而从经验上支持我们的理论主张。此外,我们实现了一个用于在简单复合体上传递消息的库,我们计划在适当的时候发布该复合体。通过显示MPSN可以区分GNN失败的具有挑战性的强规则图,并通过配备方向等变层,与MPN基线相比,它们可以提高定向SC的分类准确性,从而从经验上支持我们的理论主张。此外,我们实现了一个用于在简单复合体上传递消息的库,我们计划在适当的时候发布该复合体。通过显示MPSN可以区分GNN失败的具有挑战性的强规则图,并通过配备方向等变层,与MPN基线相比,它们可以提高定向SC的分类准确性,从而从经验上支持我们的理论主张。此外,我们实现了一个用于在简单复合体上传递消息的库,我们计划在适当的时候发布该复合体。
更新日期:2021-03-05
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