It is said that blockchain will contribute to the digital transformation of society in a wide range of ways, from the management of public and private documents to the traceability in various industries, as well as digital currencies. A number of so-called blockchain platforms have been developed, and experiments and applications have been carried out on them. But are these platforms really conducive to practical use of the blockchain concept? To answer the question, we need to better understand what the technology called blockchain really is. We need to sort out the confusion we see in understanding what blockchain was invented for and what it means. We also need to clarify the structure of its applications. This document provides a generic model of understanding blockchain and its applications. We introduce design patterns to classify the platforms. We categorize possible use cases by identifying the structure among applications, and organize the functional, performance, operational and legal requirements for each such case. Based on the categorization and criteria, we evaluated and compared the following platforms: Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Iroha, Hyperledger Indy, Ethereum, Quorum/Hyperledger Besu, Ethereum 2.0, Polkadot, Corda and BBc-1. We have tried to be fair in our evaluations and comparisons, but we also expect to provoke discussion. The intended readers for this document is anyone involved in development of application systems who wants to understand blockchain and their platforms, including non-engineers and non-technologists. The assessments in this document will allow readers to understand the technological requirements for the blockchain platforms, to question existing technologies, and to choose the appropriate platforms for the applications they envision. The comparisons hopefully will also be useful as a guide for designing new technologies.

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每个可能的用例对区块链平台的需求分析和评估

据说区块链将以多种方式为社会的数字化转型做出贡献，从公共和私人文档的管理到各个行业的可追溯性以及数字货币。已经开发了许多所谓的区块链平台，并已在其上进行了实验和应用。但是这些平台真的有利于区块链概念的实际使用吗？要回答这个问题，我们需要更好地了解所谓的区块链技术是什么。我们需要理清在理解区块链是为了什么而发明的含义时所看到的困惑。我们还需要澄清其应用程序的结构。本文档提供了了解区块链及其应用的通用模型。我们介绍设计模式以对平台进行分类。我们通过确定应用程序之间的结构来对可能的用例进行分类，并针对每个此类用例组织功能，性能，操作和法律要求。根据分类和标准，我们评估并比较了以下平台：Hyperledger Fabric，Hyperledger Iroha，Hyperledger Indy，以太坊，Quorum / Hyperledger Besu，以太坊2.0，Polkadot，Corda和BBc-1。我们试图在评估和比较中做到公平，但我们也希望引起讨论。本文档的目标读者是那些想要了解区块链及其平台的应用系统开发人员，包括非工程师和非技术人员。本文档中的评估将使读者能够了解区块链平台的技术要求，质疑现有技术并为他们设想的应用选择合适的平台。希望这些比较也可以作为设计新技术的指南。