Consumption of healthy and sustainable diets (HSD) provides opportunities to co-benefit human health and adapt to and mitigate climate change. Despite robust evidence and policy recommendations from authoritative groups to reorientate the food system to favour consumption of HSD there has been limited policy action. This study investigated potential barriers and enablers for successful HSD policies in Australia. A review of HSD policy recommendations and of current Australian policies was undertaken. Results from the reviews informed a Delphi study, which investigated Australian stakeholder opinions on the effectiveness of HSD policy recommendations and barriers and enablers to creating successful HSD policies. Nine participants completed two Delphi iterations. A lack of consensus was reached on the effectiveness of policy recommendations. Consensus was reached on the effect of five barriers and three enablers. Key barriers were: the complex nature of the food system, competing interests of stakeholders, pressure from industry, government silos and lack of political will. Key enablers were: building relationships with key stakeholders across multiple disciplines and sectors, understanding the policy making process and developing a clear and coherent solution. Most of the identified barriers fall under the broad category of lack of political will. Interrelationships between barriers are likely worsening the impact of inadequate political will. There is a need to act on the identified barriers and enablers to secure the HSD policies that are required. Interactions between barriers may present an opportunity to address them simultaneously.

中文翻译：

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促进健康和可持续饮食：澳大利亚成功政策活动的障碍和推动因素

健康和可持续饮食 (HSD) 的消费为人类健康以及适应和缓解气候变化提供了机会。尽管权威团体提供了强有力的证据和政策建议，以重新定位食品系统以支持 HSD 的消费，但政策行动有限。本研究调查了澳大利亚成功实施 HSD 政策的潜在障碍和推动因素。对 HSD 政策建议和当前澳大利亚政策进行了审查。审查结果为 Delphi 研究提供了依据，该研究调查了澳大利亚利益相关者对 HSD 政策建议的有效性以及制定成功 HSD 政策的障碍和推动因素的意见。九名参与者完成了两次德尔福迭代。在政策建议的有效性方面缺乏共识。就五个障碍和三个促成因素的影响达成了共识。主要障碍是：粮食系统的复杂性、利益相关者的利益竞争、来自行业的压力、政府孤岛和缺乏政治意愿。关键推动因素是：与多个学科和部门的主要利益相关者建立关系，了解政策制定过程并制定清晰一致的解决方案。大多数已确定的障碍都属于缺乏政治意愿的广泛类别。障碍之间的相互关系可能会加剧政治意愿不足的影响。需要针对已识别的障碍和推动因素采取行动，以确保所需的 HSD 政策。障碍之间的相互作用可能提供同时解决它们的机会。