Background A population-based study of infective endocarditis (IE) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, provides a unique opportunity to define temporal and seasonal variations in IE incidence over an extended time period. Methods This was a population-based review of all adults (≥18 years) residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, with definite or possible IE using the Rochester Epidemiology Project from January 1, 1970, through December 31, 2018. Poisson regression was used to characterize the trends in IE incidence; models were fitted with age, sex, calendar time, and season, allowing for nonlinearity and nonadditivity of their effects. Results Overall, 269 cases of IE were identified over a 49-year study period. The median age of IE cases was 67.2 years, and 33.8% were female. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence of IE was 7.9 cases per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 7.0–8.9), with corresponding rates of 2.4, 2.4, 0.9, and 0.7 per 100 000 person-years for Staphylococcus aureus, viridans group streptococci (VGS), Enterococcus species, and coagulase-negative staphylococci IE, respectively. Temporal trends varied by age, sex, and season, but on average IE incidence increased over time (P = .021). Enterococcal IE increased the most (P = .018), while S. aureus IE appeared to increase but mostly in the winter months (P = .018). Between 1996 and 2018, the incidence of VGS IE was relatively stable, with no statistically significant difference in the trends before and after the 2007 AHA IE prevention guidelines. Conclusions Overall, IE incidence, and specifically enterococcal IE, increased over time, while S. aureus IE was seasonally dependent. There was no statistically significant difference in VGS IE incidence in the periods before and after publication of the 2007 AHA IE prevention guidelines.

中文翻译：

---

1970 年至 2018 年间明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县感染性心内膜炎的时间趋势：基于人群的分析

背景 在明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县进行的一项基于人群的感染性心内膜炎 (IE) 研究提供了一个独特的机会来确定长期内 IE 发病率的时间和季节变化。方法 这是一项基于人群的审查，从 1970 年 1 月 1 日到 2018 年 12 月 31 日，使用罗切斯特流行病学项目对居住在明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县的所有患有明确或可能 IE 的成年人（≥18 岁）进行了调查。泊松回归用于描述 IE 发病率的趋势；模型配备了年龄、性别、日历时间和季节，允许其影响的非线性和不可加性。结果 总体而言，在 49 年的研究期间确定了 269 例 IE。IE病例的中位年龄为67.2岁，33.8%为女性。IE 的总体年龄和性别调整发生率为 7。每 10 万人年 9 例（95% CI，7.0-8.9），金黄色葡萄球菌、草绿色群链球菌 (VGS)、肠球菌属、和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 IE，分别。时间趋势因年龄、性别和季节而异，但平均而言，IE 发病率随时间增加（P = .021）。肠球菌 IE 增加最多 (P = .018)，而金黄色葡萄球菌 IE 似乎增加但主要在冬季月份 (P = .018)。1996年至2018年间，VGS IE发病率相对稳定，2007年AHA IE预防指南前后趋势差异无统计学意义。结论 总体而言，IE 发病率，特别是肠球菌 IE，随着时间的推移而增加，而金黄色葡萄球菌 IE 具有季节性依赖性。