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Understanding digital drug markets through the geography of postal drug deliveries in Scotland
European Journal of Criminology ( IF 1.752 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 , DOI: 10.1177/1477370821997323
Ben Matthews 1 , Ben Collier 1 , Susan McVie 1 , Chris Dibben 1
Affiliation  

An increase in the use of postal services to deliver drugs purchased online raises concerns about widening access to drugs markets, especially in remote and rural areas that were previously protected by geographical boundaries. Yet little is known about the geographical patterning of drugs delivered through the post. Using a novel law enforcement dataset containing details of illegal drug packages intercepted by UK Border Force en route to Scotland, we examine the geographical destination of drugs purchased online and explore the area-based characteristics associated with higher rates of delivery. This article provides previously unavailable insights into the spatial patterning of digital drugs markets at sub-national level. We use descriptive statistics, Bayesian hierarchical regression models, and spatial autocorrelation to describe the relationship between area-based characteristics and expected rate of illegal drug consignments identified across Scotland. The majority of intercepted drug packages were destined for urban centres, but there was a higher than expected delivery rate to some of Scotland’s remote and rural locations. Increased rates of drug delivery within Scottish neighbourhoods was independently associated with higher levels of crime and deprivation, with Internet connectivity and with access to services, but not with higher rates of drug-related hospitalization. Analysis of spatial clustering showed that drug delivery to the most remote and rural locations was still associated with good access to services because the packages were typically delivered to addresses in larger settlements within remote locations. Overall, postal drugs delivery reflects both relatively high use in more urban, more deprived areas but also seems to open up more remote regions to drug markets, albeit with usage concentrated in larger settlements within otherwise remote areas.



中文翻译:

通过苏格兰邮政药品交付的地理位置了解数字药品市场

邮政服务在网上购买药品的交付使用的增加引起了人们对扩大药品市场准入的担忧,特别是在以前受到地理边界保护的偏远和农村地区。关于通过邮政递送的药物的地理格局知之甚少。我们使用了一个新颖的执法数据集,其中包含英国边境部队在前往苏格兰的途中截获的非法毒品包裹的详细信息,我们检查了在线购买毒品的地理目的地,并探索了与较高送药率相关的基于地区的特征。本文提供了有关地方一级数字药品市场空间格局的以前无法获得的见解。我们使用描述性统计数据,贝叶斯层次回归模型,以及空间自相关来描述整个苏格兰发现的基于区域的特征与非法毒品托运的预期比率之间的关系。大部分被截获的毒品包装都是运往城市中心的,但运往苏格兰一些偏远和农村地区的交付率却高于预期。苏格兰社区内毒品输送率的上升与犯罪率和剥夺水平的提高,互联网的连通性以及服务的获得率独立相关,但与毒品相关的住院率却没有上升。空间聚类分析表明,向最偏远和农村地区的药品交付仍然与良好的服务获得联系在一起,因为通常将包裹运送到偏远地区较大定居点的地址。全面的,

更新日期:2021-03-05
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