Objectives To examine gender differences in the reporting of, and contributors to, mental health symptoms. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study of adult athletes within a national elite sporting system (n=523; women=292;56%), who completed a battery of assessments including measures of mental health and adverse life events. Group differences across a range of scores were examined, followed by gender-stratified bootstrapped linear regression and meta-regression on measures where gender differences were observed. Results Women athletes reported higher rates of mental health symptoms, and lower rates of mental well-being, although there were no differences in general psychological distress or life satisfaction. Women reported experiencing several adverse life events at higher rates than men; particularly interpersonal conflict, financial hardship and discrimination. Low self-esteem was consistently associated with poorer mental health outcomes for all athletes. While a range of factors were associated with poor mental health in men or women athletes, meta-regression suggested that experiencing financial difficulty and social media abuse were more uniquely associated with mental health symptoms in men. Conclusion Gender differences in mental health in elite athletes are apparent. Approaches to increasing well-being are required in elite sport.

中文翻译：

---

澳大利亚精英运动员心理健康症状和风险因素的性别差异

目的 研究精神健康症状的报告和促成因素方面的性别差异。方法 这是一项针对全国精英体育系统（n=523；女性=292；56%）成年运动员的横断面观察研究，他们完成了一系列评估，包括心理健康和不良生活事件的测量。检查了一系列分数的组差异，然后对观察到性别差异的测量进行性别分层的自举线性回归和元回归。结果 女运动员报告了较高的心理健康症状发生率和较低的心理健康发生率，尽管在一般心理困扰或生活满意度方面没有差异。女性报告说经历了几起不良生活事件的发生率高于男性；尤其是人际冲突，经济困难和歧视。自尊心低下始终与所有运动员的心理健康状况较差有关。虽然一系列因素与男性或女性运动员的心理健康状况不佳有关，但元回归表明，经历财务困难和社交媒体滥用与男性的心理健康症状更为独特相关。结论 精英运动员心理健康的性别差异很明显。精英运动需要提高幸福感的方法。元回归表明，经历财务困难和社交媒体滥用与男性的心理健康症状更为独特。结论 精英运动员心理健康的性别差异很明显。精英运动需要提高幸福感的方法。元回归表明，经历财务困难和社交媒体滥用与男性的心理健康症状更为独特。结论 精英运动员心理健康的性别差异很明显。精英运动需要提高幸福感的方法。