Skin complexion is among the most recognizable phenotypes between individuals and is mainly determined by the amount and type of melanin pigment deposited in the epidermis. Persons with dark skin complexion have more of a brown/black pigment known as eumelanin in their epidermis whereas those with fair skin complexions have less. Epidermal eumelanin acts as a natural sunblock by preventing incoming UV photons from penetrating into the skin and therefore protects against UV mutagenesis. By understanding the signaling pathways and regulation of pigmentation, strategies can be developed to manipulate skin pigmentation to improve UV resistance and to diminish skin cancer risk.

中文翻译：

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皮肤色素沉着的药理学操作

肤色是个体之间最容易识别的表型之一，主要取决于沉积在表皮中的黑色素的数量和类型。肤色较深的人的表皮中有更多的棕色/黑色色素，称为真黑素，而肤色较白的人则较少。表皮真黑素作为天然防晒剂，可防止进入的紫外线光子穿透皮肤，从而防止紫外线诱变。通过了解信号通路和色素沉着的调节，可以制定策略来控制皮肤色素沉着，以提高抗紫外线能力并降低皮肤癌风险。