Planning of renewable energy based distributed generators (DG) is to be done with utmost care because of the uncertain nature of their outputs. In this paper, a multi-objective PSO based solution methodology for the DG planning problem is proposed taking into account the concerns of the grid operators, distribution network operators and the end consumers. Load shifting along with time of use pricing is the strategy adopted for performing demand side management, thereby reducing the discomfort level and the electricity bill of the customers. DG planning is done for solar and wind based sources along with demand side management in order to minimize the system real power loss, improve voltage profile, increase reliability and reduce the expenses of the distribution network operator. Reliability is evaluated using encoded Markov cut set algorithm considering the failure rates, adequacy transition rates, mechanical failures, and starting and switching probability of the DG. The test network considered is the 102 node meshed distribution network connected to Bus 4 of the Roy Billinton test system. Results prove that load shifting along with dynamic pricing can be used as a viable option to reduce the operational expenses of the network operator.

基于可再生能源的分布式发电机（DG）的规划要格外小心，因为其输出的不确定性。在本文中，考虑到电网运营商，配电网络运营商和最终用户的关注，提出了一种基于多目标PSO的DG规划问题的解决方法。负荷转移和使用时间定价是执行需求侧管理的策略，从而减少了用户的不适感和电费。DG规划针对太阳能和风能资源以及需求侧管理进行了规划，以最大程度地减少系统实际功率损耗，改善电压曲线，提高可靠性并减少配电网络运营商的费用。使用编码的马尔可夫割集算法来评估可靠性，其中要考虑故障率，充分过渡率，机械故障以及DG的启动和切换概率。所考虑的测试网络是连接到Roy Billinton测试系统的总线4的102节点网状分布网络。结果证明，负载转移和动态定价可以用作减少网络运营商运营成本的可行选择。