abstract:

The rapid collapse of the valuable Pacific Ocean perch fishery in the Gulf of Alaska around the mid-twentieth century is a vivid example of how the development, adoption, and transfer of technology between scientific cultures contributed to a conservation crisis. Technology adopted to support trawl fishery in the Gulf suggests that knowledge of bottom topography, deployment of a full suite of navigational instruments, specialized fishing gear, fleet communications, and positioning systems were key to exploiting and sampling this species of fish. The technologies were transferred to fishers and fishery researchers from a spectrum of sources ranging from academic researchers to natural historians to military agencies. Soviet and Japanese trawl fleets quickly brought about overfishing levels by moving into the region, targeting key fish habitats, and accessing and refining information on the Alaskan continental shelf garnered by American agencies. Technology was applied perversely; it was used to support development of recommendations for reducing exploitation but was also used to assist fishers in fish stock location. In the end, production goals set by managers resulted in over-exploitation.

摘要：

二十世纪中叶，阿拉斯加湾珍贵的太平洋鲈鱼渔业迅速崩溃，这是科学文化之间技术的发展，采用和转让如何造成保护危机的生动例证。为支持海湾拖网渔业而采用的技术表明，底层地形的知识，全套导航仪器的部署，专用渔具，船队通信和定位系统是开发和取样这种鱼类的关键。从学术研究人员到自然历史学家再到军事机构，这些技术已被转移给渔民和渔业研究人员。苏联和日本的拖网船队进入该地区，针对主要鱼类栖息地，迅速造成了过度捕捞，以及访问和完善由美国机构收集的阿拉斯加大陆架上的信息。技术被错误地应用；它被用来支持制定减少剥削的建议，但也被用来协助渔民在鱼群所在地进行捕捞。最后，管理者设定的生产目标导致过度开发。