Galectins are animal lectins that recognize carbohydrates and play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Recent studies have indicated that under a variety of challenges, intracellular galectins bind to host glycans displayed on damaged endocytic vesicles and accumulate around these damaged organelles. Accumulated galectins then engage cellular proteins and subsequently control cellular responses, such as autophagy. In this review, we have summarized the stimuli that lead to the accumulation of galectins, the molecular mechanisms of galectin accumulation, and galectin-mediated cellular responses, and elaborate on the differential regulatory effects among galectins.

中文翻译：

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细胞内半乳糖凝集素将细胞溶质暴露的聚糖视为危险并介导细胞反应

半乳糖凝集素是识别碳水化合物并在维持细胞稳态中起重要作用的动物凝集素。最近的研究表明，在各种挑战下，细胞内半乳糖凝集素与受损内吞囊泡上显示的宿主聚糖结合并在这些受损细胞器周围积聚。积累的半乳糖凝集素然后与细胞蛋白质结合，随后控制细胞反应，例如自噬。在这篇综述中，我们总结了导致半乳糖凝集素积累的刺激因素、半乳糖凝集素积累的分子机制和半乳糖凝集素介导的细胞反应，并详细阐述了半乳糖凝集素之间的差异调节作用。