Blockchain, which has a distributed structure, has been widely used in many areas. Especially in the area of smart cities, blockchain technology shows great potential. The security issues of blockchain affect the construction of smart cities to varying degrees. With the rapid development of quantum computation, elliptic curves cryptosystems used in blockchain are not secure enough. This paper presents a blockchain system based on lattice cipher, which can resist the attack of quantum computation. The most challenge is that the size of public keys and signatures used by lattice cryptosystems is typically very large. As a result, each block in a blockchain can only accommodate a small number of transactions. It will affect the running speed and performance of the blockchain. For overcoming this problem, we proposed a way that we only put the hash values of public keys and signatures on the blockchain and store the complete content of them on an IPFS (interplanetary file system). In this way, the number of bytes occupied by each transaction is greatly reduced. We design a bitcoin exchange scheme to evaluate the performance of the proposed quantum-resistant blockchain system. The simulation platform is verified to be available and effective.

中文翻译：

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基于抗量子数字签名的区块链系统

具有分布式结构的区块链已在许多领域得到广泛使用。特别是在智慧城市领域，区块链技术显示出巨大的潜力。区块链的安全问题在不同程度上影响着智慧城市的建设。随着量子计算的迅速发展，区块链中使用的椭圆曲线密码系统不够安全。本文提出了一种基于格密码的区块链系统，可以抵抗量子计算的攻击。最大的挑战是晶格密码系统使用的公钥和签名的大小通常非常大。结果，区块链中的每个区块只能容纳少量交易。它将影响区块链的运行速度和性能。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种方法，我们只将公钥和签名的哈希值放在区块链上，并将它们的完整内容存储在IPFS（星际文件系统）上。这样，大大减少了每个事务占用的字节数。我们设计了一个比特币交换方案来评估所提出的抗量子区块链系统的性能。验证了该仿真平台的可用性和有效性。