Warming climate and increasing desertification urge the identification of genes involved in heat and dehydration tolerance to better inform and target biodiversity conservation efforts. Comparisons among extant desert-adapted species can highlight parallel or convergent patterns of genome evolution through the identification of shared signatures of selection. We generate a chromosome-level genome assembly for the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) and test for a signature of parallel evolution by comparing signatures of selective sweeps across population-level genomic resequencing data from another congeneric desert specialist (Peromyscus eremicus) and a widely distributed habitat generalist (Peromyscus maniculatus), that may be locally adapted to arid conditions. We identify few shared candidate loci involved in desert adaptation and do not find support for a shared pattern of parallel evolution. Instead, we hypothesize divergent molecular mechanisms of desert adaptation among deer mice, potentially tied to species-specific historical demography, which may limit or enhance adaptation. We identify a number of candidate loci experiencing selective sweeps in the P. crinitus genome that are implicated in osmoregulation (Trypsin, Prostasin) and metabolic tuning (Kallikrein, eIF2-alpha kinase GCN2, APPL1/2), which may be important for accommodating hot and dry environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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适应沙漠的 Peromyscus 鹿小鼠平行进化的有限证据

气候变暖和荒漠化加剧促使鉴定与耐热和耐脱水有关的基因，以便更好地为生物多样性保护工作提供信息和针对性。现存适应沙漠的物种之间的比较可以通过识别共享的选择特征来突出基因组进化的平行或趋同模式。我们为峡谷小鼠 (Peromyscus crinitus) 生成了染色体水平的基因组组装，并通过比较来自另一个同类沙漠专家 (Peromyscus eremicus) 和广泛分布的种群水平基因组重测序数据的选择性扫描特征来测试平行进化的特征栖息地通才（Peromyscus maniculatus），可能适应当地的干旱条件。我们发现很少有参与沙漠适应的共享候选基因座，并且没有找到对平行进化共享模式的支持。相反，我们假设鹿鼠适应沙漠的不同分子机制可能与特定物种的历史人口统计学有关，这可能会限制或增强适应性。我们确定了一些在 P. crinitus 基因组中经历选择性扫描的候选位点，这些位点与渗透调节（胰蛋白酶、前列腺素）和代谢调节（激肽释放酶、eIF2-α 激酶 GCN2、APPL1/2）有关，这对于适应热可能很重要和干燥的环境条件。这可能会限制或增强适应性。我们确定了一些在 P. crinitus 基因组中经历选择性扫描的候选位点，这些位点与渗透调节（胰蛋白酶、前列腺素）和代谢调节（激肽释放酶、eIF2-α 激酶 GCN2、APPL1/2）有关，这对于适应热可能很重要和干燥的环境条件。这可能会限制或增强适应性。我们确定了一些在 P. crinitus 基因组中经历选择性扫描的候选位点，这些位点与渗透调节（胰蛋白酶、前列腺素）和代谢调节（激肽释放酶、eIF2-α 激酶 GCN2、APPL1/2）有关，这对于适应热可能很重要和干燥的环境条件。