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Comparison of Fluctuating Thermal Regimes and Commercially Achievable Constant-Temperature Regimes for Short-Term Storage of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Journal of Economic Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 , DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab019
George D Yocum 1 , Arun Rajamohan 1 , Joseph P Rinehart 1
Affiliation  

Interrupting the spring incubation of Megachile rotundata (F.) with a period of low-temperature storage for synchronizing the bees’ emergence with crop bloom is an essential part of M. rotundata management. Previously, we demonstrated that bees exposed to thermoperiods (TPs) during low-temperature storage have higher survival rates than bees exposed to constant temperatures. But changing the temperature in the large mass of bees commonly found in most commercial settings would place considerable stress on the chambers’ refrigeration system. Reducing the difference between a TP’s cryophase and thermophase would decrease the stress on the refrigeration system. Therefore, we investigated a range of TPs with cryophases (12 h) of 6, 12, or 15°C and thermophases (12 h) of 15 or 18°C and compared the survival rates of these bees against bees exposed to constant temperatures of 12, 15, or 18°C. For eye-pigmented pupae, the TP 6–18°C and the control fluctuating thermal regime (FTR; 6°C with a daily 1-h pulse at 20°C) had the highest survival rates for the 2 yr tested. For the constant-temperature storage protocols, constant 15 and 18°C were either equivalent or lower survival than the control FTR. For emergence-ready adults, the 6–18°C TP had the highest survival rates. The constant 15°C and the control FTR had equivalent survival rates. Under the current constraints imposed by a commercial chamber’s refrigeration system, interrupting M. rotundata spring incubation by exposing the developing bees to constant temperatures of 15–18°C is currently the best option for commercial operations.

中文翻译:

紫花苜蓿切叶蜂(膜翅目:Megachilidae)短期储存的波动热状态和商业上可实现的恒温状态的比较

用一段低温储存中断 Megachile rotundata (F.) 的春季孵化,以使蜜蜂的出现与作物开花同步,是 M. rotundata 管理的重要组成部分。以前,我们证明在低温储存期间暴露于热周期 (TPs) 的蜜蜂比暴露于恒温的蜜蜂具有更高的存活率。但是,改变大多数商业环境中常见的大量蜜蜂的温度会给房间的制冷系统带来相当大的压力。减少 TP 的低温相和热相之间的差异将减少制冷系统的压力。因此,我们研究了一系列低温相(12 小时)为 6、12、或 15°C 和 15 或 18°C 的热相(12 小时),并将这些蜜蜂的存活率与暴露在 12、15 或 18°C 的恒定温度下的蜜蜂进行比较。对于有眼色素的蛹,TP 6–18°C 和对照波动热状态(FTR;6°C,在 20°C 下每天 1 小时脉冲)在 2 年测试中具有最高的存活率。对于恒温储存方案,恒定 15 和 18°C 的存活率与对照 FTR 相同或更低。对于准备好出现的成年人,6-18°C TP 的存活率最高。恒定的 15°C 和对照 FTR 具有相同的存活率。在商业室制冷系统的当前限制下,中断 M.
更新日期:2021-02-03
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