ABSTRACT

The concept of open functions was introduced to capture an intended feature of van Eyck’s seminal play sculptures – they do not suggest a specific action. In a recent study, Van der Schaaf, A. L., S. R. Caljouw, and R. Withagen. (2020. “Are Children Attracted to Play Elements with an Open Function?” Ecological Psychology 32: 79–94) aimed to determine the degree of openness of Parkour play elements by asking participants what behavior children will mainly perform on them. In the present study, we used this method to determine the degree of openness of traditional play elements (e.g. a slide), van Eyck’s play sculptures, and Parkour play elements. In addition, we measured the time participants needed to answer the question of what action children will mainly perform on the different elements. We found that generally the Parkour elements have the highest degree of openness. Interestingly, van Eyck’s play elements appeared not to be that open. Moreover, the reaction time proved to be an alternative measure for the degree of openness.

摘要

引入开放功能的概念是为了捕捉范·艾克开创性的戏剧雕塑的预期特征–它们并未提出具体的动作。在最近的一项研究中，阿拉巴马州范德沙夫，SR Caljouw和R.Withagen进行了研究。（2020年。“孩子被吸引去玩具有开放功能的元素吗？”生态心理学32：79–94）旨在通过询问参与者儿童将主要表现出哪些行为来确定跑酷游戏元素的开放程度。在本研究中，我们使用这种方法来确定传统游戏元素（例如滑梯），范·艾克的游戏雕塑和跑酷游戏元素的开放程度。此外，我们测量了参与者回答孩子将主要在不同元素上采取何种行动这一问题所需的时间。我们发现，跑酷元素通常具有最高程度的开放性。有趣的是，范·艾克的戏剧元素似乎没有那么开放。而且，反应时间证明是开放度的替代方法。